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Published on: Nov 28, 2021
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

A Variant Of Concern: Omicron

A variant of Concern: Omicron

The World Health Organization has designated the strain, now named Omicron, as a variant of concern and said multiple studies are underway to monitor its development.

The Unknowns - Scientists are warning that the variant could be more contagious, but they don't really know for sure. They also worry about its effects on vaccine efficacy and severity of disease - we'll just have to wait until there's more research!
Where it has been identified - The variant has so far been identified in South Africa, Botswana, Hong Kong, and Belgium. A specimen from the first known case of the variant in South Africa was collected November 9, the WHO said Friday.
The number of variant cases - Now, the number of variant cases seems to be increasing in nearly every province of the country, the WHO said. South Africa has currently fully vaccinated less than 36% of its adult population and its rate of new vaccinations had fallen in recent days, according to the country's health department.
Cases Identified - South African officials also initially said there was one confirmed case in a traveler from South Africa to Hong Kong. Friday, Hong Kong health authorities identified a second case of the variant among returning travelers on the same floor of a designated quarantine hotel. Health authorities ordered at least 12 people in nearby rooms to undergo mandatory Covid-19 testing and two weeks of quarantine in a government center. Also on Friday, the Belgian government said an individual who had recently traveled from Egypt and was unvaccinated, tested positive for the variant, marking the first case in Europe.
High number of Mutations: South African genomic scientists said earlier this week the variant has an unusually high number of mutations, with more than 30 in the key spike protein -- the structure the virus uses to get into the cells they attack.
The concern: Scientists are concerned those mutations could make the variant more transmissible and could result in immune evasion. Scientists are working to find out whether the variant could evade immunity, saying its mutations can help hint or predict whether it will be the case.
Vaccine Efficacy: The million-dollar question is, is there a tiny hit to vaccine efficacy, or is there a large hit? we'll get some preliminary data probably in the next few days.
How it compares with other variants - While mutations -- and new variants -- of the virus are expected as it continues to spread, experts say there's more reason for concern with Omicron. As per the scientists they have seen a lot of variants pop up over the last five, six months, and most of them have not amounted to much but this looks different. It's acting differently, it looks like it's much more contagious than even the Delta variant." WHO officials also said in their statement Friday preliminary evidence suggests Omicron also poses a higher risk of reinfection, compared to other variants of concern.

What vaccine makers are saying

In a Friday news release, Moderna said it was rapidly working to test the ability of its vaccine to neutralize the variant, and data is expected in the coming weeks.

The strain includes mutations "seen in the Delta variant that are believed to increase transmissibility and mutations seen in the Beta and Delta variants that are believed to promote immune escape," Moderna said. "The combination of mutations represents a significant potential risk to accelerate the waning of natural and vaccine-induced immunity."

The Solution: If its current vaccine and booster are insufficient against the variant, one possible solution is boosting people with a larger dose, which Moderna said it is testing. The company is also evaluating two multivalent booster candidates to see if they provide better protection against Omicron -- both of which include some of the viral mutations present in the variant. Moderna said it is also testing an Omicron-specific booster. AstraZeneca also said it was looking to understand the impact Omicron has on its vaccine, which is not currently authorized for use in the US. A Johnson & Johnson spokesperson told CNN in a statement the company was also testing the effectiveness of its vaccine against Omicron.

Why Travel Restrictions?

Travel restrictions will buy governments some time to investigate the variant, but it's inevitable the strain will eventually appear and spread.

Source : who,cnn

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Health Risks of Sedentary Lifestyle: Why Sitting Too Much Can Harm Your Health

Modern lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary. With the rise of desk jobs, digital devices and long working hours, many individuals spend a significant portion of their day sitting. While technology and convenience have improved productivity, they have also contributed to reduced physical activity.

Understanding the health risks of a sedentary lifestyle is essential for preventing chronic diseases and maintaining overall wellbeing.

What Is a Sedentary Lifestyle?

A sedentary lifestyle refers to a pattern of behavior characterized by prolonged sitting or inactivity with minimal physical movement.

Common examples include:

Sitting at a desk for long hours
Watching television for extended periods
Spending significant time on computers or smartphones
Limited engagement in physical exercise

When the body remains inactive for long durations, various physiological functions may become impaired.

1. Increased Risk of Obesity

Physical inactivity reduces calorie expenditure.

When calorie intake exceeds the energy burned through activity, excess calories are stored as body fat.

This can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of obesity.

Obesity is a major risk factor for several chronic health conditions.

2. Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Prolonged sitting has been associated with increased risk of heart disease.

Sedentary behavior may contribute to:

Elevated blood pressure
Increased cholesterol levels
Reduced blood circulation

These factors increase the likelihood of cardiovascular complications over time.

3. Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Physical activity helps regulate blood sugar levels.

A sedentary lifestyle may impair the body’s ability to use insulin effectively, leading to insulin resistance.

Over time, this can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

4. Poor Metabolic Health

Metabolism refers to the body’s ability to convert food into energy.

Long periods of inactivity may slow metabolic processes and reduce the body’s efficiency in managing glucose and fat levels.

This can contribute to metabolic syndrome.

5. Musculoskeletal Problems

Sitting for extended periods can strain muscles and joints.

Common issues include:

Lower back pain
Neck stiffness
Shoulder discomfort
Poor posture

These problems are particularly common among office workers.

6. Reduced Mental Wellbeing

Physical activity plays a significant role in supporting mental health.

Sedentary behavior may contribute to:

Increased stress levels
Reduced mood
Lower energy levels

Regular movement helps improve mental wellbeing.

7. Increased Risk of Premature Mortality

Studies have shown that prolonged inactivity may increase the risk of early death due to chronic diseases.

Maintaining an active lifestyle significantly improves long-term health outcomes.

Sedentary Lifestyle in the Indian Context

Urbanization and technological advancements have led to more sedentary work environments in India.

Long commuting hours, desk-based professions and digital entertainment have reduced physical activity levels for many individuals.

As a result, lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease have increased significantly in recent years.

Public health initiatives now emphasize the importance of regular physical activity to counter these trends.

How to Reduce Sedentary Behavior

Take Frequent Movement Breaks

Stand up and stretch every 30–60 minutes during work.

Incorporate Walking into Daily Routine

Short walks during breaks can improve circulation and energy levels.

Use Active Workstations

Standing desks or adjustable workstations encourage movement.

Exercise Regularly

Engage in moderate physical activity such as walking, cycling or yoga.

Health guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of exercise per week.

Limit Screen Time

Reducing recreational screen time encourages more active habits.

Benefits of an Active Lifestyle

Increasing daily physical activity provides several health benefits:

Improved cardiovascular health
Better weight management
Enhanced mental wellbeing
Stronger muscles and bones
Improved metabolic function

Even small lifestyle changes can make a significant difference over time.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

Persistent back pain
Unexplained weight gain
Chronic fatigue
Signs of metabolic disorders

Early intervention can help manage health risks effectively.

Conclusion

A sedentary lifestyle may significantly impact physical and mental health. Prolonged sitting and lack of movement increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and musculoskeletal problems.

Adopting an active lifestyle that includes regular movement, exercise and healthy habits is essential for maintaining overall wellbeing.

Simple changes such as standing frequently, walking regularly and engaging in physical activity can greatly reduce the health risks associated with sedentary behavior.

Maintaining an active lifestyle is one of the most effective ways to support long-term health and prevent chronic disease.

References

World Health Organization – Physical Activity Guidelines
Indian Council of Medical Research – Lifestyle Disease Reports
National Family Health Survey – Health and Lifestyle Data
Lancet Global Health – Sedentary Behavior Research
Journal of Preventive Medicine – Physical Activity Studies

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