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Published on: Jul 17, 2020
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

MRNA Vaccine Against SARS CoV2

An mRNA Vaccine against SARS CoV2

We have previously discussed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. On the 14th of July, a preliminary study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, an internationally reputable medical journal. This study looks at mRNA vaccines in Phase 1 human clinical trials, a first for the virus. Here we will discuss what this means and the results of the study.

mRNA vaccine

Vaccines target the immune system’s memory by presenting them with pieces of these infective diseases. The small amounts do not cause any infective symptoms, but if the person is infected later in life their body will mount a quicker response and prevent them from falling ill. These vaccines can contain broken up parts of the organisms, “dead” organisms or “live” versions that have been severely weakened so they cannot cause any harm.

In 2018 a new type of vaccine was described. Instead of using pre-made protein markers that identify infectious organisms, mRNA vaccines contain genetic material with instructions to produce these markers. Once injected, the person’s cells use these instructions to produce copies of these protein markers. These markers are displayed on the surface of the cell, which in turn is recognized by the immune system, initiating an immune response and producing protective antibodies.

BENEFITS

A major advantage of RNA vaccines is the ease by which they can be made in a laboratory from a DNA template. During a pandemic, this would result in a rapid response and vaccine against a new disease. Conventional vaccines require the use of chicken eggs or cells to produce the vaccines, which can be expensive and time-consuming. These vaccines can be delivered via injections into the skin, blood, muscle, or organs, needle-free into the skin, or via nasal spray. Because these vaccines are so new, we still do not know the best way to deliver it.

Because these vaccines are not made with parts of infective organisms or from live organisms, they are not infectious and will not cause harm through a strong immune response to the vaccine itself, or by causing the disease they aim to vaccinate against. They also appear to be very efficient at generating a reliable immune response to produce antibodies and are well tolerated with few side effects.

NEEDS IMPROVEMENT

Because these types of vaccines are so new there is still a lot we do not understand about them. They may cause unintended effects that we have not yet encountered in human clinical studies. These vaccines also need to be frozen or refrigerated, and so would not be suitable for countries with limited or no refrigeration facilities.

COVID

The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine codes for one of the virus’ surface spike proteins, responsible for recognizing target cells and fusing the virus into the cell for entry and infection. It was previously recognized as a target for the SARS and MERS viruses.

45 participants received 2 intramuscular injections 28 days apart. None of the participants had any serious side effects after the first injection, or any side effects significant enough to stop the trial. Many had minor to moderate side effects after their second injection (such as fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site), and half the participants taking high dose vaccines had febrile side effects. Overall the side effects were rated as acceptable.

Prior to the vaccine trials, none of the participants had any antibodies against COVID, or any capacity to stop a COIVD infection. After the injections, all participants had noticeable increases in antibodies produced, measurable in their blood. After 43 days, the participant's blood had enough antibodies to reduce infection by SARS-CoV-2 by over 80%.

What is the takeaway? The vaccine is capable of producing an adequate response to protect the vaccine recipient without eliciting any major side effects. These results will be used in phase 2 clinical trials (enrolment began in May) and a phase 3 trial in July 2020. Essentially this means further human trials to further look for side effects in a larger number of volunteers with a more diverse health profile.

This represents an interesting development in producing a rapid vaccine against a new virus responsible for a world-changing pandemic. This new type of vaccine may be the future of vaccines for a broader range of viruses, bacteria, and even cancers.

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Community Health Wellness Programs: Building Healthier Communities Together

Healthcare does not begin in hospitals—it begins within communities. Community health wellness programs play a vital role in strengthening preventive healthcare systems, improving early detection and reducing disease burden. In India, where both urban and rural populations face increasing lifestyle and infectious disease risks, community-level initiatives are essential.

According to the World Health Organization, preventive and primary healthcare services delivered at community level significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports also highlight the rising burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, emphasizing the need for community-based interventions.

What Are Community Health Wellness Programs?

Community health wellness programs are organized efforts designed to:

promote preventive healthcare
increase health awareness
provide screening services
encourage healthy lifestyle adoption

These programs may be conducted by healthcare organizations, NGOs, corporate CSR initiatives or government agencies.

Why Community Programs Matter in India

India’s healthcare challenges include:

high population density
urban-rural disparities
limited early screening access
rising lifestyle diseases

NFHS-5 data shows increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity, especially in urban areas. Community-level screening improves early detection.

Key Components of Community Health Wellness Programs

1. Preventive Health Screening

Health camps often provide:

blood pressure checks
blood sugar testing
cholesterol screening
BMI measurement

Early detection prevents complications.

2. Health Education and Awareness

Workshops on:

balanced nutrition
physical activity
tobacco cessation
mental health

help individuals adopt healthier habits.

3. Vaccination Drives

Immunization programs reduce spread of infectious diseases.

Community outreach increases coverage.

4. Maternal and Child Health Services

Programs focus on:

prenatal care
nutrition guidance
child immunization

Protecting vulnerable populations strengthens long-term health.

5. Chronic Disease Management Support

Community programs support patients with:

diabetes
hypertension
asthma

Education improves medication adherence.

Benefits of Community Health Wellness Programs

Improved Early Detection

Screening identifies disease before symptoms worsen.

Reduced Healthcare Costs

Preventive care is more affordable than emergency treatment.

Increased Public Awareness

Educated communities make informed health decisions.

Better Access for Underserved Populations

Rural and low-income groups benefit significantly.

Strengthened Public Health Systems

Community-level intervention reduces burden on tertiary hospitals.

Role of Technology in Community Health

Digital health platforms enable:

teleconsultations
electronic health records
AI-assisted risk assessment

Technology improves efficiency and outreach.

Corporate and CSR Involvement

Many organizations integrate community health programs into CSR initiatives.

Such programs:

enhance brand reputation
promote employee engagement
contribute to social impact

Corporate-community partnerships amplify reach.

Addressing Urban Health Challenges

Urban populations face:

pollution exposure
sedentary lifestyles
high stress

Community programs provide screening and awareness to mitigate risk.

Addressing Rural Health Gaps

Rural areas may lack access to:

specialists
diagnostic services
preventive screening

Mobile health camps bridge this gap.

Measuring Impact

Successful programs track:

number of screenings conducted
disease detection rates
follow-up adherence
reduction in risk factors

Data-driven evaluation improves sustainability.

Long-Term Impact on Public Health

Community health wellness programs contribute to:

reduced chronic disease burden
improved life expectancy
stronger healthcare infrastructure

Preventive care at grassroots level creates systemic improvement.

Challenges in Implementation

Common challenges include:

limited funding
awareness barriers
logistical constraints

Collaboration between government, private sector and NGOs improves scalability.

The Future of Community Wellness in India

With rising lifestyle diseases and growing awareness, community wellness initiatives will become central to public health strategy.

Integration of digital tools, preventive screenings and education campaigns will enhance impact.

Conclusion

Community health wellness programs are essential for building resilient and healthier societies. By promoting preventive care, early screening and health education, these initiatives reduce disease burden and improve quality of life. In India’s diverse and rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, community-based wellness efforts serve as a foundation for sustainable public health progress. Investing in community health today ensures stronger, healthier generations tomorrow.

References

World Health Organization (WHO) – Community Health and Preventive Care Reports
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Non-Communicable Disease Data
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Public Health Statistics
NITI Aayog – Primary and Preventive Healthcare Strategy
Lancet – Public Health and Community Intervention Research

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