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Published on: Nov 13, 2020
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan ( Medical Second Opinion Cell)

What Are Some Common Side Effects Of The COVID-19 Vaccine?

COVID Vaccine, the Pfizer update

On Monday Pfizer announced to the world the vaccine, once it has been developing with Germany's BioNTech, was found to be more than 90?fective. If this is substantiated, it may be possible for countries to receive the vaccine before the end of the year.

The Vaccine is an mRNA Vaccine, a novel method that introduces viral RNA into the body via a viral coat. The vaccine is incorporated into the person's cell, where the viral RNA is read and viral proteins are produced, including the coronavirus coat proteins. As the body reads and recognizes these proteins, it produces antibodies against these viral proteins and activates immune T cells against the virus.

The Pfizer results are based of a phase 3 clinical trial with 43, 538 participants with a diverse background. In this trial, the participants were split between those receiving a vaccine, and those who received a placebo with no effect. The vaccine is administered in two parts, with a 90?ficacy obtained 7 days after the second dose. This would mean a person is vaccinated just 28 days after the initial vaccination.

The FDA usually looks for a minimum 50?ficacy in vaccination when approving new vaccines. It may surprise you that the annual flu jab is also estimated to be 50?fective. The data from Pfizer was verified by an external, independent Data Monitoring Committee. It used data from 94 patients enrolled in the trial and subsequently developed COVID. It is from this groupset that 90% of efficacy is obtained. This is not the final data analysis, and further publications are expected in late November, with a potential FDA Emergency Use Authorisation approval if the data continues to show promise.

If approved, Pfizer has the ability to make 50 million shots before the end of the year, and 1.3 billion by the end of 2021. Many countries are clamoring for their fair share of these limited resources; the US has already negotiated 200m shots, UK 50m, and Germany (one of the major financers for the Pfizer vaccine) over 300m for European Countries.

We should emphasize that rapid vaccine development on this scale at this speed was unheard of prior to COVID. Usually, the animal studies for vaccines can take 1-2 years. In that time Pfizer and others have managed phase 1-3 clinical trials in humans, something that usually takes upwards of 10 years.

There are many unanswered questions that remain from this information.

How safe is the vaccine? Whilst safety information was not published, overall the vaccine appears to have minimal side effects. This is particularly difficult to state however since mRNA vaccines have never been used in people before.
Does the vaccine prevent transmission? In theory, yes. If you are immunized the replication of the virus should be limited significantly, so the number of viruses in each cough will be much lower. However, we do not have data to prove that there is no transmission, but that is also because we have very little data overall.
How long does the protection last? This is a very critical question. The 90?fectiveness rate was calculated just 7 days after the second shot, but it is likely this will change as data is collected over the long term. Some studies have suggested the antibody response fades within months following COVID infection. T Cell immunity on the other hand can stay for years, and it may be the effectiveness of creating a T cell immunity that dictates just how good this vaccine will be .

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How Remote Patient Monitoring is Enhancing Chronic Disease Management

Managing chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, heart conditions, and asthma is a daily challenge for millions of people worldwide. These conditions require continuous care, regular monitoring, and timely medical interventions. In recent years, one innovation has been transforming this space dramatically — Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM).

This modern healthcare solution is reshaping how patients and doctors manage long-term health issues, offering more convenience, better health outcomes, and cost-effective care. In this blog, we will explore how remote patient monitoring is enhancing chronic disease management, and why it’s becoming essential for modern healthcare.

What is Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)?

Remote Patient Monitoring is a system where patients use digital technologies to collect their health data and send it to healthcare providers in real-time or at scheduled intervals. This can include data like:

Blood pressure
Blood sugar levels
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
Weight
Medication usage
Physical activity levels

These devices may be as simple as a smartwatch or a connected glucose monitor. Healthcare professionals review this data remotely and take necessary action if any red flags appear.

The Growing Need for RPM in Chronic Disease Care

Chronic diseases are not just long-term; they are often unpredictable and require personalized care. Traditional healthcare models — where patients visit the doctor every few months — don’t always provide timely insights.

RPM fills this gap by:

Offering real-time monitoring
Reducing the need for frequent in-person visits
Helping doctors intervene before conditions worsen

In essence, it brings the doctor’s care to the patient’s home.

Benefits of RPM in Managing Chronic Diseases

Let’s look at the many ways RPM is helping both patients and healthcare providers manage chronic conditions more effectively.

1. Early Detection of Complications

RPM allows for continuous health monitoring, which makes it easier to spot issues early. For instance, if a patient's blood pressure readings are consistently high, a doctor can be alerted immediately and adjust medication or recommend lifestyle changes.

2. Better Patient Engagement

Patients become more aware and involved in their own care when they can track their health data daily. This awareness often leads to better compliance with medication, diet, and exercise.

3. Reduced Hospital Visits and Readmissions

With RPM, many flare-ups or emergencies can be avoided. This reduces the number of emergency room visits and prevents unnecessary hospital readmissions, which also saves healthcare costs.

4. Personalized and Data-Driven Care

Doctors get detailed and continuous insights into each patient’s health trends. This helps them tailor treatment plans based on real-time data, not just occasional checkups.

5. Improved Access to Care

RPM is a game-changer for people living in rural or underserved areas where regular visits to specialists are not possible. It ensures they receive the same level of care without having to travel.

RPM in Action: Real-Life Applications

Remote Patient Monitoring is already being used effectively in many chronic diseases:

Diabetes Management: Smart glucose monitors send daily sugar readings to doctors who can adjust insulin doses as needed.
Heart Disease: Patients use connected ECG devices or wearable heart monitors. Any irregular heart rhythm alerts the doctor in real-time.
COPD and Asthma: Oxygen levels and respiratory rates are tracked remotely. Doctors can act before a patient suffers a severe attack.
Hypertension: Blood pressure monitors transmit data daily, making it easier to control and manage high BP without delay.

Technology Behind RPM

Modern RPM systems rely on:

Wearable Devices: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, glucose monitors, etc.
Mobile Health Apps: These apps collect and transmit data securely to doctors.
Cloud-Based Platforms: All patient data is stored and analyzed in the cloud, which doctors can access instantly.
AI and Predictive Analytics: Advanced systems use AI to detect patterns and even predict potential health risks before they happen.

The combination of these technologies creates a smooth, integrated care experience for the patient and a more effective way for healthcare providers to manage diseases.

Challenges in RPM — And How They’re Being Solved

Like any innovation, RPM has some challenges:

Data Privacy: Patients worry about how their health data is handled. The solution? Encrypted data storage and strict compliance with privacy laws like HIPAA.
Technology Access: Not everyone has access to smart devices or reliable internet. Governments and private companies are working to improve access in rural and low-income areas.
Digital Literacy: Elderly or less tech-savvy patients may find RPM devices hard to use. To solve this, devices are being made simpler, and training programs are often offered.

The Future of Chronic Disease Management with RPM

The future looks promising. With the rise of 5G, AI, and Internet of Things (IoT), RPM is becoming more efficient and accessible. Hospitals and clinics are now integrating RPM into their primary care models, insurance companies are beginning to cover it, and patients are demanding more home-based care options.

As this technology continues to evolve, we can expect:

Faster interventions
Better long-term health outcomes
Lower healthcare costs
More empowered patients

Conclusion: Transforming Care, One Device at a Time

Remote Patient Monitoring is not just a trend — it’s a vital solution to one of healthcare’s biggest challenges: managing chronic diseases. It empowers patients, supports doctors, and makes continuous, personalized care possible without needing to be physically present at a hospital or clinic.

If you're living with a chronic condition or caring for someone who is, consider asking your doctor about RPM options. It's an investment in better health, peace of mind, and independence.

Ready to experience better chronic care? Learn more about how remote patient monitoring is enhancing chronic disease management and take a step toward healthier living today