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Published on: Aug 18, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Understanding Liver Function Test

A liver function test is a blood test that measures the levels of various enzymes and proteins in your blood. These substances are produced by the liver, and they can be a sign of liver damage or disease.

There are a number of different liver function tests (LFTs) that can be used to assess the health of your liver. The most common ones are Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Transaminase (ALT).

Bilirubin is a pigment that is produced when the liver breaks down red blood cells. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood can be a sign of liver damage or disease.

ALP is an enzyme that is produced in the liver. High levels of ALP in the blood can indicate liver damage or disease.

There are a few different types of liver function tests, but they all basically measure the same thing: how well your liver is functioning. The most common liver function test is called the serum blood panel. This measures the levels of enzymes in your blood that are produced by the liver. These enzymes include:

- ALP (alkaline phosphatase): This enzyme helps with the digestion of fats and is increased when there is damage to the bile ducts.

- ALT (alanine transaminase): This enzyme helps with the breakdown of amino acids and is usually elevated when there is damage to hepatic cells.

- AST (aspartate aminotransferase):

The liver function test is a common medical test that is used to evaluate the health of your liver. The test measures levels of enzymes in your blood that are found mainly in the liver. Enzymes are proteins that help with chemical reactions in your body. When something is wrong with the liver, these enzymes can be released into the blood, where they can be detected by the Liver Function Test. Some of the things that can be checked with this test include hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, and fatty liver disease. It can also give clues about other problems such as an toxins or alcoholism. The test is usually done as part of a routine checkup or when someone has symptoms that might be related to liver.

There are a few different liver function tests that your doctor may order, depending on your individual situation. These tests can help to assess how well your liver is functioning and whether or not there is any damage present.

There are a few different liver function tests (LFTs) that your doctor may order, depending on what they suspect might be going on with your liver. The most common LFT is the alanine transaminase (ALT) test. This measures the level of an enzyme called ALT in your blood. ALT is normally found in liver cells, so high levels of it in your blood can indicate liver damage. Other LFTs that may be ordered include the aspartate transaminase (AST) test, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test, and the gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test. A liver function test is a blood test that measures the levels of enzymes in your blood. These enzymes are produced by your liver and help to break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. There are several different types of liver function tests, but the most common one is the alanine transaminase (ALT) test.

ALT is an enzyme that is involved in metabolizing amino acids. When your liver is damaged or inflamed, it releases Jazz hands advertising internships high levels of ALT into your bloodstream. The ALT test can be used to detect liver damage or disease. The normal range for ALT varies depending on your age and sex, but it is generally between 20 and 40 IU/L

There are a number of different liver function tests that can be performed, each of which can give useful information about the status of the liver. The most common liver function tests are the serum glycated albumin test, the serum alkaline phosphatase test, and the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)test.

The glycated albumin test measures the level of a specific type of sugar (glucose) that is bound to albumin, a protein found in the blood. This test provides an indication of how well the liver is able to process glucose.

The alkaline phosphatase test measures the level of an enzyme that is produced by the liver. This The liver function test is a blood test that measures the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in your liver. These substances are normally present in the liver in small amounts. But if your liver is damaged, these substances can leak into your bloodstream and increase the level of certain enzymes and proteins in your blood.

There are several different liver function tests, each of which measures different enzymes or proteins. The most common liver function tests are the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test.

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How Cold Weather Affects Health: Understanding Winter’s Impact on the Body

Seasonal changes influence human health more than most people realise. Cold weather, in particular, places unique stress on the body and can worsen existing health conditions while increasing susceptibility to new illnesses. Understanding how cold weather affects health is essential for preventing seasonal complications and maintaining wellbeing during winter months.

In India, winter-related health issues vary by region but commonly include respiratory infections, cardiovascular strain and joint discomfort. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO), cold exposure is associated with increased morbidity, especially among older adults and people with chronic conditions.

Why Cold Weather Impacts the Body

The human body works constantly to maintain core temperature. In cold environments:

blood vessels constrict to conserve heat
energy expenditure increases
immune responses may weaken
organs work harder to maintain balance

These adaptations, while protective, also create health vulnerabilities.

Increased Risk of Infections

Weakened Immune Response

Cold weather can suppress immune function, making it harder for the body to fight infections.

Factors contributing to winter infections include:

reduced vitamin D due to less sunlight
dry air affecting mucosal defenses
closer indoor contact

Common winter infections include colds, flu and respiratory illnesses.

Respiratory Health Problems

Cold air irritates the respiratory tract.

This can lead to:

worsening asthma symptoms
bronchitis flare-ups
increased cough and breathlessness

WHO reports higher hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses during colder months.

Impact on Heart Health

Cold temperatures affect cardiovascular function.

Blood Vessel Constriction

Cold causes blood vessels to narrow, increasing:

blood pressure
heart workload

This raises the risk of:

heart attacks
strokes

People with existing heart disease are particularly vulnerable.

Joint and Muscle Pain

Cold weather affects musculoskeletal health.

Common complaints include:

joint stiffness
muscle aches
worsening arthritis pain

Lower temperatures reduce joint lubrication and increase sensitivity to pain.

Metabolic and Weight Changes

Winter often leads to:

reduced physical activity
increased calorie intake
metabolic slowdown

These changes contribute to weight gain and worsen metabolic conditions such as diabetes.

Skin and Hydration Issues

Cold air holds less moisture.

This leads to:

dry skin
cracked lips
worsening eczema

Dehydration is also common as thirst perception reduces in cold weather.

Mental Health Effects

Seasonal changes can influence mental wellbeing.

Cold weather is associated with:

low mood
reduced motivation
seasonal affective symptoms

Limited sunlight affects circadian rhythm and serotonin levels.

Cold Weather and Older Adults

Elderly individuals face higher risks due to:

reduced temperature regulation
weaker immunity
existing chronic conditions

Winter-related complications are a significant cause of hospitalisation in older populations.

Why Chronic Diseases Worsen in Winter

Conditions such as:

hypertension
arthritis
asthma
diabetes

often worsen due to reduced activity, stress on organs and infection risk.

Preventive Strategies for Winter Health

Maintain Body Warmth

Layered clothing and warm environments reduce cold stress.

Support Immunity

Adequate nutrition, vitamin intake and sleep strengthen immune defences.

Stay Physically Active

Indoor exercises and regular movement prevent stiffness and metabolic decline.

Manage Chronic Conditions

Regular monitoring and medication adherence are critical during winter.

Hydration and Skin Care

Drinking fluids and using moisturisers prevent dehydration and skin damage.

Role of Preventive Healthcare

Preventive healthcare helps:

identify seasonal risk factors
adjust treatment plans
prevent winter complications

NITI Aayog highlights seasonal preparedness as an important public health strategy.

When to Seek Medical Help

Medical attention is necessary if:

infections persist or worsen
chest pain or breathlessness occurs
joint pain limits mobility
mental health symptoms interfere with daily life

Early care prevents serious outcomes.

Long-Term Impact of Ignoring Winter Health Risks

Ignoring cold weather effects may lead to:

severe infections
cardiovascular events
chronic pain progression
reduced quality of life

Seasonal awareness plays a critical role in long-term health.

Conclusion

Understanding how cold weather affects health allows individuals to take timely preventive measures. Winter increases the risk of infections, heart strain, respiratory problems, joint pain and mental health challenges. With proper warmth, nutrition, activity and preventive healthcare, most cold-related health issues are manageable and preventable. Seasonal care is not optional—it is essential for protecting health and wellbeing throughout the colder months.

References

ICMR – Seasonal Health and Infectious Disease Reports
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Seasonal Morbidity Data
NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare and Seasonal Preparedness Strategy
WHO – Cold Weather and Health Impact Guideline
Lancet – Seasonal Variation in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
Statista – Winter Health Trends and Illness Data
Indian Journal of Public Health – Climate and Health Studies

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