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Published on: Mar 24, 2022
3 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Tuberculosis Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that mainly affects the lungs. Symptoms of tuberculosis can vary depending on the part of the body infected but may include coughing up blood, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most often affects the lungs. It can also affect other parts of the body including the brain, kidneys, and spine.

Tuberculosis is diagnosed with a simple skin test or by testing a sample of mucus from your lungs. Treatment for tuberculosis usually involves taking antibiotics for 6 to 9 months. Some people may also need to receive treatment for lung damage caused by tuberculosis. With proper treatment, most people with tuberculosis. Symptoms of tuberculosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but usually include a persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, and weight loss. In some cases, people may also experience night sweats, chills, fever, and shortness of breath.

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through contact with saliva or mucus from an infected person. The bacteria can also be spread through close contact with someone who has pulmonary tuberculosis (a lung infection).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. Symptoms can vary, but may include coughing up blood, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and weight loss. It can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, and spine. TB is diagnosed with a physical exam and tests that examine your sputum (mucus from your lungs) for bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and rest. Prevention includes early detection and treatment of active TB cases, as well as vaccinations for certain high-risk groups

Symptoms of tuberculosis can vary depending on the stage of infection. In the early stages, TB may cause fever, night sweats, weight loss, and feelings of sickness (malaise). As the disease progresses, coughing and chest pain may develop. If the infection spreads to other parts of the body, symptoms can include joint pain, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. There is no one definitive test for diagnosing tuberculosis. Most often a doctor will order a skin test or a chest X-ray. If tuberculosis is suspected, treatment should begin immediately even if a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics taken for several months. With proper treatment, most people with tuberculosis are cured. Symptoms of tuberculosis depend on where in the body the infection is. In most cases, tuberculosis causes a persistent cough that lasts for more than 3 weeks, along with chest pain and coughing up blood. Other symptoms can include weight loss, night sweats, fever, and fatigue.

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The bacteria can also be spread through contact with saliva, mucus, or other respiratory secretions. Tuberculosis is diagnosed with a medical examination and tests that look for evidence of the infection in your body. Treatment typically involves taking antibiotics for several months.

Symptoms of tuberculosis can be mild or severe. They can include a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or more, chest pain, coughing up blood, night sweats, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Tuberculosis is diagnosed with a TB skin test or a chest x-ray. Treatment for tuberculosis includes antibiotics and is usually successful.

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that mostly affects the lungs. Symptoms can vary, but usually include coughing (sometimes with blood), chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever. It's spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread if someone comes into contact with the saliva or mucus of an infected person. Tuberculosis is diagnosed with a chest X-ray and a test that checks for bacteria in your sputum (mucus from your lungs). Treatment includes antibiotics and sometimes surgery.

Symptoms of tuberculosis can vary greatly from person to person, and it's important to see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms for more than two weeks:

- persistent cough

- chest pain

- shortness of breath

- fever

- weight loss

- night sweats

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most often affects the lungs. The bacteria can also attack other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, or spine. Tuberculosis is diagnosed through a combination of tests, including a physical exam, medical history, chest X-ray, and laboratory tests. Treatment for tuberculosis usually involves taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs. However, TB can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, spine, and kidneys. Symptoms of tuberculosis vary depending on where the infection is located in the body.

Common symptoms of tuberculosis include:

-Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs)

-Chest pain

-Fatigue

-Weight loss

-Loss of appetite

-Night sweats

-Fever

-Shortness of breath

Tuberculosis symptoms may include a persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, sweating at night, weight loss, and fatigue. TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can be spread through the air when a person with TB coughs or sneezes. The bacterium can also be spread through contact with urine, saliva, blood, or other body fluids from a person with TB.

TB is diagnosed with a chest X-ray and by testing samples of sputum (phlegm) for the presence of the bacteria. Treatment for TB includes taking antibiotics for 6 to 9 months. Surgery may also be needed to remove infected tissue.

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Why Silent Heart Attacks Are Rising Among Indians Under 40

Introduction

Heart attacks have long been considered a condition affecting older adults. But over the past few years, a worrying trend has emerged in India—silent heart attacks among people under the age of 40 are on the rise. These are heart attacks that occur with little or no obvious symptoms, making them especially dangerous.

So why is this happening? What are the reasons behind this silent epidemic? In this blog, we’ll explore the growing concern of silent heart attacks in young Indians, their causes, signs to watch for, and how you can protect yourself and your loved ones.

What is a Silent Heart Attack?

A silent heart attack, medically known as a silent myocardial infarction, happens when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, but the usual symptoms like chest pain or discomfort are missing. Many people mistake it for indigestion, fatigue, or anxiety, and don’t realize they’ve had a heart attack until much later.

By the time it's diagnosed, some damage has already been done to the heart. That’s what makes it more dangerous—you may not even know it happened until it’s too late.

Alarming Trend: Younger Indians at Risk

India is seeing more cases of heart attacks among people in their 20s and 30s. In the past, these were considered rare. But now, it’s becoming increasingly common, especially in urban areas.

Here are some facts that highlight this trend:

Nearly 1 in 5 heart attack patients in Indian hospitals are under 40.
Many are fit-looking, working professionals with no known heart problems.
In several cases, the first sign of heart disease is the heart attack itself—and sometimes, it’s silent.

So, what’s causing this shift?

Top 7 Reasons Why Silent Heart Attacks Are Rising Among Indians Under 40

1. Unhealthy Lifestyle

Fast-paced lives, late-night work schedules, poor diet, and lack of sleep have become the norm. Add junk food, sugar-loaded drinks, and smoking to the mix, and you’ve got a recipe for disaster.

2. High Stress Levels

Chronic stress increases blood pressure and leads to inflammation in the arteries. Young professionals facing pressure in jobs, studies, or family life are often silently harming their heart health.

3. Sedentary Habits

Many people, especially in IT and corporate jobs, spend long hours sitting without movement. Lack of exercise is directly linked to a higher risk of heart disease.

4. Diabetes & Hypertension at a Young Age

More Indians are developing type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure in their 20s and 30s, often without knowing it. These are major risk factors for heart attacks.

5. Smoking and Alcohol

Smoking, especially among men under 40, is still common in India. It narrows blood vessels and damages the heart. Regular alcohol use also increases risk when combined with poor lifestyle choices.

6. Family History of Heart Disease

If heart problems run in your family, your risk is automatically higher—even if you feel healthy. Many young people ignore this factor.

7. Lack of Regular Health Check-ups

Young adults often believe they are “too young” to get sick and avoid check-ups. Silent heart issues can go undetected for years without tests like ECG, cholesterol, or blood pressure checks.

Signs You May Be Having a Silent Heart Attack

Since silent heart attacks don’t cause obvious chest pain, you have to be more alert. Here are some subtle signs to watch for:

Mild discomfort in the chest, back, or jaw
Unexplained fatigue or tiredness
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Shortness of breath, even with small activity
Cold sweats
Nausea or feeling like you have indigestion

These symptoms may come and go, so many people ignore them. But if you feel “not quite right”, especially if you have risk factors, don’t ignore it—get checked immediately.

How to Protect Yourself

Preventing silent heart attacks starts with knowing your risks and taking proactive steps to stay healthy:

1. Get Regular Health Check-Ups

Annual heart screenings, cholesterol checks, and blood pressure monitoring can catch problems early—even if you feel fine.

2. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet

Focus on fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Avoid processed foods, excess salt, and sugary drinks.

3. Exercise 30 Minutes Daily

A brisk walk, yoga, swimming, or cycling can strengthen your heart and improve blood flow.

4. Quit Smoking

It’s one of the biggest risk factors for early heart disease. If you smoke, get help to quit today.

5. Manage Stress

Take time out daily to relax. Deep breathing, meditation, hobbies, or talking to someone can help reduce stress.

6. Limit Alcohol

Cut back on drinking, especially binge-drinking on weekends, which is common among young adults.

7. Know Your Family History

If heart disease runs in your family, be extra careful and talk to your doctor about your risks.

When to See a Doctor

If you feel even mild symptoms or just feel unusually tired or breathless without reason, it’s better to get a check-up. Don’t wait—heart issues in young people can be caught early with the right medical help.

You can book a cardiology consultation online and get lab tests done from the comfort of your home. Early detection can save your life.

Conclusion

The rising cases of silent heart attacks among Indians under 40 are a wake-up call. With fast lives, unhealthy habits, and silent symptoms, many young people are unknowingly at risk. But the good news is, heart disease is often preventable with simple lifestyle changes and timely check-ups.

If you’re under 40, don’t ignore your heart health. Take action today to protect yourself and your future.

Worried about your heart health? Book a cardiology check-up now and understand why silent heart attacks are rising among Indians under 40.