Call / Whatsapp
+918447748545

Published on: Apr 04, 2020
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

THE CHALLENGES FACED IN MAKING A VACCINE FOR COVID-19 — Part 2

Previously we’ve seen the difficulties researches face in trying to make a vaccine. But even if we make a vaccine, that’s just half the battle. Viruses are unique because they can mutate, and they can mutate to astonishing degrees. In humans mutations to tiny parts of our DNA can cause severe diseases or even death. In viruses mutations can change their structure, making them more infective and giving them a new coat. It gives them a survival advantage, the ability to evade our immune system and make our vaccines ineffective. This is why we need a new flu vaccine every year.

If it takes months to a year to develop a vaccine, it will be based off the virus found in December 2019. By this time the virus may have spread and mutated to such a degree that it is not effective. This does not mean all the effort was for nothing. Going through the steps and understanding the issues faced with making a COVID-19 vaccine can make the process quicker for subsequent vaccines against its mutated versions.

https://www.sciencealert.com/who-says-a-coronavirus-vaccine-is-18-months-away So Long to Develop a Vaccine

FAILURES FROM THE PAST

These issues were faced during the Ebola and Zika virus epidemics, and many large companies are understandably hesitant to develop vaccines for COVID-19. Ebola first broke out in 2014, and it was only in December 2019 that the first vaccine was approved for use by the European Commission and the United States. This is despite multiple large institutes in Canada and the UK working together to develop it.

13 different Ebola vaccine candidates had been identified soon after the outbreak, but none had been tested on humans. Unfortunately this is the most expensive part of development, and the area biopharmecuticals stand to loose the most money. Return on investments is also low, since epidemics usually take place in poorer countries, and the potential customers are unable to pay the high prices for these brand new treatments. It is an unfortunate realisation that research into medicines is driven by rich countries, for diseases that affect the rich.

https://newint.org/features/web-exclusive/2016/06/16/why-did-the-market-fail-to-produce-an-ebola-vaccine Ebola

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

This is all well and good, but what does it mean for COVID-19? We know we cannot rush a vaccine, because a poorly designed vaccine with unknown side effects can cause more harm than good, especially if given to children or the elderly. Currently the WHO are tracking 31 different attempts at making a COVID-19 vaccine, using different methods as discussed before. All of these are currently in the pre-clinical stage, focusing on isolating parts of the virus and creating a target the body will recognise and react to.

Researchers at the University of Queensland were one of the first to start using the genetic code of COVID-19, released openly by Chinese researchers. They have developed a test vaccine within 6 weeks using state-of-the-art genetic techniques, used for the first time. If animal models prove successful then human testing might begin within 6 months. In the pharmaceutical industry advancements this quick are almost unheard of.

Additionally over 293 clinical trials are taking place in China using existing drugs on the market. The advantage is we already know these drugs are safe to use in humans, but we are trying to work out if they will work against COVID-19. Some scientists are also looking at medications that were initially developed against SARS and MERS, but never completed because these outbreaks died down and the medication was no longer required.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/china-recovered-develop-effective-covid-19-treatments-200302082850237.html COVID-19 treatments

https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf?ua=1 WHO news

https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/28/21156385/covid-coronavirus-vaccine-treatment-moderna-remdesivir-research COVID-19 treatment

Its not all doom and gloom. Challenges drive innovation, and we are already benefitting from this. New forms of genetic sequencing, new methods for extracting viral proteins, new techniques in creating a vaccine. These innovations are already benefitting us on the drive to create an effective vaccine for COVID-19, and they will benefit us in the future when the next pandemic hits.

Dr Rajan Choudhary, Product Manager Second Medic UK

www.secondmedic.com

Read Blog

Best Treatment Options for IBS in India

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive condition that affects millions of people across India. If you often suffer from stomach pain, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea, you may be dealing with IBS. While it can be frustrating and affect your daily life, the good news is that IBS can be managed effectively with the right approach.

In this blog, we will cover the best treatment options for IBS in India, from diet changes to ayurvedic solutions and advanced diagnostic tests.

What is IBS?

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects how your gut functions. Unlike other diseases, IBS doesn’t damage the digestive tract, but it causes uncomfortable symptoms that come and go.

Causes of IBS

The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but common factors include:

Gut-brain axis dysfunction
Stress and anxiety
Hormonal changes
Food intolerances (e.g., lactose, gluten)
Gut infections
Poor dietary habits

Common Symptoms of IBS

Abdominal pain or cramps
Gas and bloating
Diarrhea, constipation, or both
Changes in bowel movements
Mucus in the stool
Fatigue or sleep problems

Symptoms vary for each person and often get worse after eating or during times of stress.

Best Treatment Options for IBS in India

IBS treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there is no one-size-fits-all cure. Here are the top treatment approaches used across India:

1. Dietary Changes

One of the most effective ways to manage IBS is through food:

Follow the Low FODMAP Diet

FODMAPs are carbohydrates that are hard to digest and cause gas. The Low FODMAP diet helps reduce symptoms by eliminating:

Onions, garlic
Beans, lentils
Dairy
Wheat
Processed foods

Slowly reintroduce foods with the help of a nutritionist.

Eat Small, Frequent Meals

Instead of large meals, eat smaller portions 4–5 times a day.

Stay Hydrated

Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily to ease digestion and prevent constipation.

2. Probiotics and Supplements

Probiotics are good bacteria that help restore balance in your gut.

Brands like Darolac, Sporlac, VSL#3 are commonly used in India.
Fiber supplements (like Isabgol) help relieve constipation.
Peppermint oil capsules may soothe gut muscles.

Always consult your doctor before starting supplements.

3. Prescription Medications

Depending on the symptoms, doctors in India may prescribe:

Antispasmodics (e.g., Drotaverine, Mebeverine) – for cramps
Laxatives (e.g., Lactulose) – for constipation
Anti-diarrheal drugs (e.g., Loperamide) – for diarrhea
Tricyclic antidepressants – to reduce gut sensitivity

Medication should be used only under medical supervision.

4. Ayurvedic Treatment for IBS

India offers powerful traditional options through Ayurveda. Herbs used include:

Kutaj – for diarrhea
Bilva – for digestion
Triphala – for bowel regularity
Jeeraka and Musta – reduce bloating

Ayurvedic treatment focuses on balancing the vata, pitta, and kapha doshas. Always choose certified practitioners.

5. Stress Management Techniques

Since stress and anxiety worsen IBS, it’s important to care for your mental health:

Yoga – especially poses like Pawanmuktasana and Vajrasana
Meditation and Pranayama
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Counseling for teenagers or working professionals under pressure

Mind-body techniques are especially useful in Indian urban settings.

Recommended Lab Tests (Available on SecondMedic with Thyrocare)

To rule out other conditions and get clarity on your gut health, the following tests are helpful:

Thyroid Profile (T3, T4, TSH) – to rule out hypothyroidism
Vitamin D & B12 Tests – deficiencies can mimic IBS
Liver and Kidney Function Tests – rule out other digestive diseases
Stool Occult Blood Test / Calprotectin – if symptoms persist
Aarogyam C Panel by Thyrocare – a full metabolic and vitamin panel

These tests are available at affordable rates with home sample collection via SecondMedic.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a gastroenterologist if:

Your symptoms last more than 4 weeks
You see blood in stool
You have rapid weight loss
You're losing sleep due to stomach pain

Early diagnosis prevents long-term damage and reduces emotional distress.

IBS Products Commonly Found in India

Isabgol (Psyllium husk) – for fiber
Probiotic sachets – Darolac, Vizylac
Ayurvedic syrups – Baidyanath Abhayarishta, Himalaya Triphala
Peppermint capsules – natural antispasmodic
Stress-relief teas – chamomile, tulsi

Conclusion

IBS can feel overwhelming, but with the right approach, it is very manageable. From diet changes and probiotics to Ayurveda and stress relief, you have many tools to regain control.

India offers a unique blend of modern and traditional therapies. Whether you're in a metro city or a small town, access to affordable tests and holistic treatments is improving every day.

If you’re struggling with IBS symptoms, talk to a doctor, get tested, and explore a personalized treatment plan. You don’t have to live in discomfort.

Explore the best treatment options for IBS in India and take the first step toward a healthier gut today.

Request A Callback

+91

By using this website/app, I confirm that I am at least 18 years old and consent to the processing of my personal data in accordance with the Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and Declaration.