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Published on: May 22, 2020
1 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

Corona Virus In Young Patients And Kids

Kids seem to be relatively unaffected by COVID, but this does not mean they are invulnerable. As with adults, some children have pre-existing cardiac, respiratory, or metabolic conditions, and are therefore more vulnerable to the effects of COVID. Interestingly, children appear to have one more symptom when infected with coronavirus – COVID Toes.

I personally came across this phenomenon recently, with a young patient asymptomatic for COVID who presented with unusual symptoms of dark bruises on his toes. This had been present for just a few days. He did not have any pain, itching, swelling, no recent trauma, or injury to the feet. Circulation to his feet was normal, with no other rashes or skin changes, no other abnormal features in the history to note. It was certainly an odd presentation and certainly could have been an example of COVID toes.

This new phenomenon was noticed in April and has not gained as much notoriety because it is fairly rare compared to the major COVID symptoms, such as fever, cough, and lethargy. Doctors have described lesions on the feet of young people, usually purple-colored, around the tips of the toes. They have been compared to chilblains, painful swellings on feet, and toes that appear in the cold. Similarly to chilblains they do not cause any permanent damage and usually regress in days to weeks.

It's not clear why they occur or the mechanism behind the discoloration, because the presentation is rare and in healthy patients. We know COVID can cause systemic inflammation and can increase the risk of clot formation. It may be that localized inflammation is occurring in the toes, causing the vessels to clamp down and reduce blood flow to the area. This is similar to the mechanism for chilblains forming in the foot. Micro-clotting could also be partially responsible for this phenomenon.

COVID Toes is not the only skin symptoms related to COVID. In a paper published in the British Journal of Dermatology, researchers described five common skin presentations in 375 COVID patients. These were:

Asymmetrical chilblain like lesions in the hands and feet, found in younger patients lasting up to 2 weeks.
Small itchy blisters in the trunk and limbs, found in middle-aged patients before they present with symptoms, lasting about 10 days
Pink or white areas of raised skin, itchy, usually on the body
Raised bumps called macropapules, lasting about a week, seen in more severe infections.
Mottled, blotchy red-blue skin (known as livedo) seen in patients with severe illness.

So if you are currently suffering from COVID or have recently recovered from an infection, and suddenly notice odd colored toes, you too may have a case of COVID toes.

Dr Rajan Choudhary, UK, Chief Product Officer, Second Medic Inc

www.secondmedic.com

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How Inflammation Affects Overall Health: Understanding the Hidden Risks

Inflammation is often misunderstood. While it is a vital protective response of the immune system, persistent or chronic inflammation can quietly damage tissues and increase the risk of serious diseases. Understanding how inflammation affects overall health is crucial in preventing long-term complications and maintaining optimal wellbeing.

According to the World Health Organization and global medical research published in Lancet, chronic inflammation is linked to a wide range of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, diabetes and autoimmune disorders.

What Is Inflammation?

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to:

infection
injury
toxins
stress

It activates immune cells to eliminate harmful stimuli and promote healing.

There are two main types:

Acute Inflammation

Short-term and protective.
Examples include swelling after injury or fever during infection.

Chronic Inflammation

Long-term, low-grade inflammation that persists even without injury.

Chronic inflammation is harmful.

How Chronic Inflammation Develops

Persistent inflammation can result from:

unhealthy diet
sedentary lifestyle
obesity
chronic stress
environmental toxins
untreated infections

Modern lifestyle patterns contribute significantly to this condition.

Impact on Heart Health

Inflammation damages blood vessels and promotes plaque formation.

This increases risk of:

heart attack
stroke
hypertension

ICMR data highlights cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death in India, with inflammation playing a contributing role.

Link Between Inflammation and Diabetes

Chronic inflammation interferes with insulin signalling.

This leads to:

insulin resistance
elevated blood sugar
metabolic syndrome

NFHS-5 data shows rising diabetes prevalence, partly linked to inflammatory lifestyle factors.

Effect on Joint and Muscle Health

Inflammatory processes contribute to:

arthritis
joint stiffness
muscle pain

Autoimmune diseases often involve chronic inflammation.

Gut Health and Inflammation

The gut plays a central role in immune regulation.

Poor diet and stress disrupt gut balance, triggering:

inflammatory bowel conditions
digestive discomfort
nutrient malabsorption

Gut inflammation impacts systemic health.

Brain Health and Inflammation

Emerging research suggests chronic inflammation affects:

memory
mood
cognitive performance

Inflammatory markers are associated with depression and neurodegenerative disorders.

Chronic Fatigue and Inflammatory Stress

Persistent inflammation causes:

ongoing fatigue
reduced stamina
sleep disturbances

The immune system remains in constant activation mode.

Role in Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.

Chronic inflammation is central to conditions such as:

rheumatoid arthritis
lupus
inflammatory bowel disease

Signs of Chronic Inflammation

Symptoms may include:

unexplained fatigue
persistent joint pain
digestive issues
frequent infections
skin problems

Early detection is important.

Lifestyle Factors That Increase Inflammation

High Sugar Intake

Excess sugar promotes inflammatory pathways.

Processed Foods

Trans fats and additives trigger immune responses.

Sedentary Lifestyle

Lack of exercise reduces anti-inflammatory benefits.

Poor Sleep

Sleep deprivation increases inflammatory markers.

Chronic Stress

Elevated cortisol disrupts immune balance.

Natural Ways to Reduce Inflammation

Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Include:

leafy greens
fruits rich in antioxidants
nuts and seeds
whole grains

Avoid excessive processed foods.

Regular Physical Activity

Exercise lowers inflammatory markers and improves circulation.

Stress Management

Meditation and breathing exercises reduce stress hormones.

Adequate Sleep

7–8 hours of quality sleep supports immune regulation.

Maintain Healthy Weight

Excess abdominal fat produces inflammatory chemicals.

Role of Preventive Health Screening

Regular tests such as:

blood sugar
lipid profile
inflammatory markers

help monitor risk factors early.

Importance of Early Intervention

Unchecked inflammation increases risk of:

cardiovascular disease
metabolic disorders
organ damage

Timely lifestyle changes reverse early inflammatory effects.

Long-Term Health Benefits of Inflammation Control

Reducing inflammation supports:

heart health
stable blood sugar
improved immunity
enhanced cognitive function
reduced pain

Preventive strategies protect long-term wellbeing.

Conclusion

Understanding how inflammation affects overall health reveals its profound impact on the heart, brain, gut and metabolic systems. While acute inflammation protects the body, chronic inflammation silently contributes to major diseases. Fortunately, lifestyle changes such as balanced nutrition, regular exercise, quality sleep and stress management significantly reduce inflammatory burden. Prevention and early monitoring remain the most effective tools for protecting overall health and ensuring long-term vitality.

References

World Health Organization (WHO) – Chronic Disease and Inflammation Reports
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Studies
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Diabetes and Hypertension Data
NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare Strategy Reports
Lancet – Inflammation and Chronic Disease Research

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