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Published on: Jul 24, 2024
3 minute read
By: SecondMedic Expert

Why Dengue Fever Causes Low Platelet Counts And How To Manage It

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Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, has become a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions. One of the hallmarks of severe dengue is a drop in platelet count, which can lead to serious complications. Understanding why dengue fever causes low platelet counts and how to manage this condition is crucial for anyone living in or traveling to affected areas.

Understanding Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus has four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). Infection with one serotype usually provides lifelong immunity against that specific type, but only partial and temporary immunity against the others. Subsequent infections with a different serotype increase the risk of severe dengue, including dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

Why Dengue Fever Causes Low Platelet Counts

Platelets are small blood cells that play a crucial role in blood clotting. A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Dengue fever often leads to a significant drop in platelet count, a condition known as thrombocytopenia. There are several reasons for this:

1. Bone Marrow Suppression: The dengue virus can infect and impair the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells, including platelets. This leads to reduced platelet production.

2. Increased Platelet Destruction: The virus and the immune response it triggers can increase the destruction of platelets. The body’s immune system mistakenly targets platelets, thinking they are infected cells.

3. Increased Utilization: In severe dengue, there is increased leakage of plasma from the blood vessels. To combat this, the body uses up more platelets for clotting, leading to lower counts in the bloodstream.

4. Splenic Sequestration: The spleen may sequester or hold onto more platelets than usual in dengue fever, reducing the number of platelets circulating in the blood.

Symptoms of Low Platelet Count

A low platelet count can lead to several symptoms, which may vary in severity:

- Easy bruising

- Petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin)

- Bleeding gums or nosebleeds

- Blood in urine or stools

- Heavy menstrual bleeding

- Fatigue and weakness

In severe cases, internal bleeding and shock can occur, which are life-threatening conditions requiring immediate medical attention.

How to Manage Low Platelet Counts in Dengue Fever

Managing low platelet counts in dengue fever involves several strategies aimed at supporting the patient until their body recovers. Here are some key approaches:

1. Hydration

Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial. Fluids help maintain blood volume and support overall bodily functions. Oral rehydration solutions, coconut water, and plain water are often recommended. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary.

2. Monitoring Platelet Counts

Regular monitoring of platelet counts is essential to assess the severity of thrombocytopenia. This helps healthcare providers decide on the necessary interventions and monitor recovery.

3. Medications

There are no specific antiviral medications for dengue. However, supportive care includes:

Acetaminophen: To reduce fever and relieve pain. Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin, as they can increase the risk of bleeding.

Platelet Transfusions: In cases of very low platelet counts or significant bleeding, platelet transfusions may be necessary.

4. Rest and Nutrition

Adequate rest and proper nutrition support the body's recovery. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can help maintain energy levels and support immune function.

5. Avoiding Certain Foods and Activities

Patients with low platelet counts should avoid activities that can increase the risk of bleeding, such as contact sports. Additionally, foods that may thin the blood, like garlic and ginger, should be consumed in moderation.

6. Natural Remedies

Some natural remedies are believed to help increase platelet counts, although scientific evidence is limited. These include:

Papaya Leaf Extract: Some studies suggest that papaya leaf extract can help increase platelet counts.

Pomegranate and Kiwi: These fruits are rich in vitamins and antioxidants that support overall health.

Preventing Dengue Fever

Preventing dengue fever is the best way to avoid complications like low platelet counts. Preventive measures include:

Mosquito Control: Eliminate standing water around your home, use mosquito repellents, and install screens on windows and doors.

Protective Clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes when outdoors.

Vaccination: In some regions, a dengue vaccine is available and recommended for individuals who have had a previous dengue infection.

Conclusion

Dengue fever and its complications, such as low platelet counts, pose significant health challenges in many parts of the world. Understanding the reasons behind thrombocytopenia and implementing effective management strategies can help mitigate the risks and support recovery. By taking preventive measures and staying informed, individuals can reduce their risk of dengue fever and its potentially severe consequences.

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Read FAQs

A. Dengue fever causes low platelet counts due to bone marrow suppression, increased platelet destruction, increased utilization for clotting, and splenic sequestration. The dengue virus affects the body's ability to produce and maintain adequate platelet levels.

A. Managing low platelet counts involves staying hydrated, monitoring platelet levels, taking acetaminophen for fever and pain, resting, eating a nutritious diet, and avoiding activities and foods that increase bleeding risk. In severe cases, platelet transfusions may be necessary.

A. Signs of a low platelet count include easy bruising, petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin), bleeding gums or nosebleeds, blood in urine or stools, heavy menstrual bleeding, fatigue, and weakness. In severe cases, internal bleeding and shock may occur.

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Top 5 Blood Tests You Shouldn’t Skip After 40

As we grow older, our bodies go through many changes — some are visible, like graying hair or slower metabolism, but others happen quietly inside. After the age of 40, the risk of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, thyroid disorders, and kidney problems increases significantly. The good news? Most of these conditions can be detected early with simple blood tests.

Regular health checkups and blood tests can help you stay ahead of potential problems. They can alert you before symptoms even begin, giving you the chance to take control of your health in time.

In this blog, we’ll look at the Top 5 blood tests you shouldn’t skip after 40, why they’re important, and how you can easily get them done — even from the comfort of your home.

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

What is it?
The Complete Blood Count is a common blood test that checks the levels of different cells in your blood — red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Why is it important after 40?

Detects anemia, which is common in both men and women over 40
Helps identify infections and inflammatory conditions
Can point toward more serious issues like blood cancer in rare cases

What it includes:

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
White blood cell (WBC) count
Platelet count

How often to test:
Once a year, or as advised by your doctor.

2. Blood Sugar Tests – Fasting & HbA1c

What is it?
These tests measure the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. The fasting blood sugar test checks your sugar level after 8–10 hours of fasting, while the HbA1c test shows your average sugar level over the past 2-3 months.

Why is it important after 40?

Type 2 diabetes is very common in people above 40, especially in India
Early detection can prevent complications like nerve damage, eye problems, and kidney disease
Many people have prediabetes and don’t even know it

What it includes:

Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS)
Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
HbA1c

How often to test:
Every 6–12 months, or more often if you're overweight, have a family history, or symptoms of diabetes.

3. Lipid Profile (Cholesterol Test)

What is it?
A lipid profile checks the levels of different types of fats (lipids) in your blood — especially cholesterol and triglycerides.

Why is it important after 40?

Helps assess your risk of heart disease, stroke, and artery blockages
Detects high LDL ("bad cholesterol"), which builds up in arteries
Encourages healthy lifestyle changes before medications are needed

What it includes:

Total cholesterol
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Triglycerides

How often to test:
Once a year, or every 6 months if you're overweight, smoke, or have a family history of heart issues.

4. Liver Function Test (LFT)

What is it?
This test checks how well your liver is working. The liver is responsible for digesting food, filtering toxins, and regulating many body processes.

Why is it important after 40?

Modern lifestyle increases the risk of fatty liver disease, even in non-drinkers
Long-term use of medications, alcohol, or unhealthy diets can silently damage the liver
Detects hepatitis, jaundice, and other liver issues early

What it includes:

SGPT (ALT), SGOT (AST)
Bilirubin
Alkaline Phosphatase
Albumin

How often to test:
Once a year or as recommended, especially if you drink alcohol, are overweight, or take regular medications.

5. Kidney Function Test (KFT)

What is it?
This test checks how well your kidneys are filtering waste and balancing fluids in your body.

Why is it important after 40?

Kidneys often get damaged silently due to high blood pressure, diabetes, or painkillers
Early detection can prevent serious kidney damage or the need for dialysis
Many Indians are at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) without knowing it

What it includes:

Blood Urea
Serum Creatinine
Uric Acid
Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium)
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)

How often to test:
Yearly, especially if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney problems.

Other Important Tests After 40

While the above 5 are essential, don’t ignore these additional tests:

Thyroid Function Test (TSH, T3, T4) – for energy, weight, and mood balance
Vitamin D & B12 – deficiencies are common in Indian adults
ECG or TMT – if you feel chest pain or breathlessness
Prostate Test (PSA) – for men over 45
Pap Smear & Mammogram – for women to detect cervical and breast cancer

How to Book These Tests Easily in India

Getting a blood test today is simple and stress-free. You don’t even need to visit a lab anymore.

At SecondMedic, you can:

Book blood tests online through our website
Get home sample collection by trained professionals
View your digital reports online within 24–48 hours
Consult our doctors based on your results

Conclusion

Turning 40 is a milestone — and a reminder that your health needs attention. Don’t wait for symptoms. These simple blood tests can alert you to hidden problems and help you take action before it’s too late.

Remember, good health starts with awareness. Be proactive, not reactive.

If you care about your long-term well-being, Top 5 Blood Tests You Shouldn’t Skip After 40 should be part of your annual health routine. Book them today on SecondMedic and stay a step ahead in your health journey.