• Published on: Sep 08, 2021
  • 4 minute read
  • By: Dr Rakesh Rai

What Is The Main Cause Of Hepatitis & What Happens If You Have Hepatitis?

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What is the main cause of hepatitis & What happens if you have hepatitis?

The virus is the most common cause, but auto-immune hepatitis can also occur when the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own kidney cells. Hepatitis is primarily caused by a virus, but there are many other possibilities. A viral infection is the primary cause of hepatitis. And various types of viruses can lead to hepatitis-- some fairly benign, some very serious—such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

The main cause of hepatitis is the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can also cause acute hepatitis, but they are responsible for the majority of chronic cases. Chronic hepatic problems may result in the development of cirrhosis or liver cancer, which can be ultimately fatal. It's also possible for an individual to experience co-infection with HAV and HBB/HCV without knowing it since some people infected with HAV do not show any symptoms.

                                  

The human body typically gets rid of the virus in 1-3 months or so without needing any help from drugs or therapies, but about 15% to 40% of people infected with hepatitis A see their symptoms persist for 6 months to 3 years. This can be especially hard on people who are young and otherwise healthy because it often results in interruption of school or work life, not to mention the loss of self-esteem which can damage personal relationships.

Permanently resolving this requires active participation by both doctor and patient; unfortunately, many factors combine to reduce the likelihood that someone will recover completely naturally, including an existing chronic liver disease like cirrhosis (in which case

The main cause of hepatitis is bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and chemical substances that damage the liver. The secondary causes may be alcohol abuse or chronic fatty liver disease.

A damaged or diseased liver can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis and other diseases such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and encephalopathy.

Hepatitis refers broadly to any inflammatory disorder involving the liver, a diverse organ having many functions in the body. The immune system's response damages hepatocytes - cells that form bile ducts to remove toxins from the blood, produce clotting proteins for blood clots, store energy from food in glycogen so it can be used later when glucose supply from food runs low after starvation occurs.

Some viruses, but more often a drug or toxin that irritates the liver. Drugs and other toxins that can damage the liver include industrial solvents like ammonia, industrial chemicals like benzene, alcohol, acetaminophen (Tylenol), erythromycin (mostly taken to decrease antibiotic resistance), tetracycline antibiotic with surgery concurrent antibiotics), drugs for prevention of malaria such as chloroquine plus proguanil or mefloquine with surgery concurrent clindamycin plus primaquine) and ursodeoxycholic acid.

In adults, viral hepatitis is the most common cause of infectious chronic liver disease, and it's often spread by close contact. In children, foodborne outbreaks are more common. Your body's immune system is a major cause of hepatitis and can be activated by something like a viral infection.

The key to understanding liver disease comes when you realize that the immune system - via T cells and B cells; NK cells; macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells - create inflammation in your gut which ultimately drains into your liver. And when these "Do-or-Die" T lymphocytes or "natural killer" (NK) cell attacks occur it triggers scarring in various regions of your liver which leads to cirrhosis.

The main cause of hepatitis is viral, but it's important to note that there are two types of hepatic viruses that can cause this condition. The first is Hepatitis A (HAV), which comes from fecal matter and is usually spread by food or water contaminated with infected feces. The second type of virus, Hepatitis B (HBV) comes from blood contact, sexual intercourse, or childbirth; however, both types can be transmitted through blood transfusion or drug use (especially needles). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HAV affects about 150 Americans each year; HBV affects roughly 2 million people annually.

The main cause of hepatitis is the virus. But there are other causes including bad hygiene, drinking contaminated water or using dirty injections needles. Furthermore, the hepatitis viruses may spread from an infected mother carrying the disease to her unborn child before it's even born! That can lead to two very different types of hepatitis - one that has a strong reaction where the pregnant woman develops significant liver damage and another that barely affects her at all. And then of course not surprisingly- people who already have chronic health conditions such as diabetes or cirrhosis (liver scarring) and those with weak immune systems due to age or chemotherapy for cancer patients with low white blood cell counts can be more prone to experiencing a chronic infection.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by either viruses or toxins, including alcohol and prescription medications. Symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting pain in the right side below the ribs when taking deep breaths. The most common type in America is Hepatitis A which you get from sharing food or drinks that are contaminated with tiny amounts of stool from infected people; also known as "gastroenteritis." Getting vaccinated prevents the most acute form usually found in children

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, alcohol, medication. With hepatitis A virus - the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. The patient may also have jaundice or low levels of proteins within their blood. Hepatitis B virus - It's usually transmitted through contact with infected blood or other sharps objects such as needles. The symptoms can take up to 6 months before showing signs and it may include dark urine and light-colored stools, joint pain in the lower part of arms and legs (joints hurt worse when pressed) personality changes together with depression phase feelings such as irritability or sadness for no reason at all fatigue along with soreness. If the infection is acute then there may be nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, and jaundice. If chronic then fatigue, loss of appetite, and liver damage may occur.

We recommend immunization for Hepatitis A with the appropriate protection against Hepatitis B with appropriate protection against Hepatitis C with appropriate protection against Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (genital herpes).

Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. If you have acute hepatitis, there are often no symptoms associated with it; if you have chronic hepatitis, the most common symptom is fatigue. You can't get Hepatitis from drinking alcohol or eating too much greasy food (unless it's cooked in oil that hasn't been cleaned). You also don't get it by sharing personal items like towels or razors with an infected person.

A person with Hepatitis may feel tired, be pale and lose weight. They may not look sick but can carry the virus that damages their liver. The symptoms of HAV (hepatitis A) last only a few weeks to a couple of months, while symptoms from Hepatitis B can last six months or more; in both cases, there is no specific treatment.

Most people recover fully, and the liver will regain its former function without any need for transplantation or medical intervention in most cases but is often permanently damaged and scarred in others with chronic infections. Hepatitis C sometimes results in severe cirrhosis after decades of infection because it does not cause symptoms until late-stage disease when signs

Hepatitis is an unfortunate and contagious liver disease that we see in at least 500,000 people every year. Hepatitis can be caused by either a virus or a toxin/irritant such as alcohol. Symptoms include jaundice (yellow skin), dark urine, sudden fever that isn't relieved with antibiotics or acetaminophen, abdominal discomfort, and pain that doesn't feel like dysentery - which are hallmarks of the toxic type of hepatitis. Many times, you'll have elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood followed by the destruction of red blood cells due to obstruction of bile ducts if not treated early on.

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Only Health-Based Rewards: Why Wellness-Focused Incentives Drive Healthier Workplaces

Corporate rewards have traditionally focused on monetary incentives, gift cards or generic perks. However, organisations are increasingly realising that such rewards offer only short-lived motivation. Only health-based rewards, such as massages, gym bags and fitness trackers, represent a more effective approach to corporate wellness by reinforcing healthy behaviours that deliver long-term benefits.

In India, where lifestyle diseases are rising rapidly among working professionals, aligning rewards with health outcomes is no longer optional.

 

What Are Health-Based Rewards?

Health-based rewards are incentives designed specifically to improve or support employee wellbeing.

They focus on:

  • physical health

  • mental wellbeing

  • preventive care

  • recovery and stress relief

Unlike cash incentives, they encourage repeated healthy actions.

 

Why Traditional Rewards Fall Short

Cash rewards and generic gifts:

  • provide temporary satisfaction

  • do not influence daily habits

  • fail to support long-term wellbeing

Behavioural studies show that incentives disconnected from health goals have limited preventive impact.

 

The Case for Only Health-Based Rewards

Health-based rewards directly reinforce behaviours such as:

  • regular physical activity

  • stress management

  • recovery and self-care

  • preventive health participation

WHO workplace health guidelines emphasise incentives that promote sustained behaviour change.

 

Types of Effective Health-Based Rewards

Massages and Recovery Therapies

Massage therapy:

  • reduces muscle tension

  • lowers stress hormones

  • improves circulation

Monthly or quarterly massage rewards support physical and mental recovery.

 

Gym Bags and Fitness Gear

Practical fitness accessories:

  • encourage regular workouts

  • reduce barriers to exercise

  • promote active lifestyles

Visible gear reinforces identity as a health-conscious individual.

 

Fitness Trackers

Fitness trackers:

  • track steps, activity and sleep

  • create accountability

  • encourage daily movement

Data-driven feedback increases participation and motivation.

 

Psychological Impact of Health-Based Rewards

Health rewards create:

  • intrinsic motivation

  • positive habit reinforcement

  • long-term lifestyle shifts

Unlike cash, they associate rewards with self-care rather than consumption.

 

Impact on Employee Health Outcomes

Regular participation in wellness incentives leads to:

  • improved physical activity levels

  • reduced stress

  • better sleep patterns

ICMR data links activity-based interventions with lower lifestyle disease risk.

 

Benefits for Employers

Reduced Healthcare Costs

Preventive health rewards reduce chronic disease burden over time.

Improved Productivity

Healthy employees demonstrate:

  • better focus

  • fewer sick days

  • higher energy levels

Stronger Wellness Culture

Health-first rewards signal genuine organisational commitment.

EY-FICCI reports show preventive wellness programs deliver measurable ROI within 12–18 months.

 

Why Health-Based Rewards Work Better in India

Indian workplaces face:

  • long working hours

  • sedentary routines

  • high stress levels

Health rewards directly address these risks rather than ignoring them.

 

Aligning Rewards With Preventive Healthcare

Health-based rewards complement:

  • health screenings

  • fitness challenges

  • mental wellbeing programs

This integrated approach strengthens outcomes.

 

Avoiding Pitfalls in Reward Design

Effective programs:

  • avoid one-size-fits-all rewards

  • offer choice within health categories

  • ensure inclusivity

Poorly designed incentives reduce engagement.

 

Measuring Success of Health-Based Rewards

Success indicators include:

  • participation rates

  • health screening uptake

  • employee feedback

  • reduced absenteeism

Data-driven evaluation improves program effectiveness.

 

Long-Term Behaviour Change

Sustained wellness improvement requires:

  • consistency

  • reinforcement

  • meaningful incentives

Health-based rewards support gradual but lasting change.

 

Role of Leadership Support

Leadership participation:

  • increases credibility

  • boosts engagement

  • normalises wellness culture

When leaders embrace health rewards, employees follow.

 

Health-Based Rewards and Mental Wellbeing

Rewards such as massages and fitness trackers:

  • reduce burnout

  • improve mood

  • enhance resilience

Creating a Preventive Wellness Ecosystem

Only health-based rewards work best when combined with:

  • education

  • screenings

  • access to care

WHO emphasises integrated wellness ecosystems for maximum impact.

 

Conclusion

Only health-based rewards represent a strategic shift from short-term perks to long-term wellbeing investments. Incentives such as massages, gym bags and fitness trackers actively promote healthy habits, reduce lifestyle disease risk and strengthen workplace wellness culture. By aligning rewards with preventive health goals, organisations create meaningful engagement, healthier employees and sustainable productivity gains. Health-focused incentives are not just rewards—they are tools for lasting wellbeing.

 

References

  • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Lifestyle Disease and Workplace Health Reports
  • World Health Organization (WHO) – Workplace Health Promotion and Incentives
  • National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Adult Lifestyle Risk Factors
  • Lancet – Behavioural Incentives and Preventive Health Studies
  • NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare and Workforce Wellbeing
  • EY-FICCI – Corporate Wellness and Productivity Reports
  • Statista – Employee Wellness Incentive Trends

See all

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