• Published on: Sep 10, 2021
  • 3 minute read
  • By: Second Medic Expert

What Are The Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment Of Prostate Cancer?

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What are the symptoms, causes, and treatment of Prostate cancer?

The different types of prostate cancer are generally classified by grade, degree of progression and staging. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy to suppress testosterone production or blocking the activity of hormones produced by other endocrine glands that stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Surgical treatment is often recommended when prostate tumors are detected in their early stages-localized stage-as it can usually eliminate them or control tumor growth, so they don't depend on hormones to survive. Surgery may also be recommended if the tumor cannot be seen clearly enough for an accurate diagnosis with imaging tests. Your physician may advise you about this option after discussing your medical history and physical examination results with you.

Symptoms of prostate cancer can be like the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. After noticing these or other symptoms, a doctor will perform a digital examination and ask some general health questions. Possible tests may include an analysis of the fluid secreted by the prostate gland when urinating (known as a "prostate-specific" antigen test), a biopsy, an MRI or CT scan imaging exam, or bone scans to rule out metastasis. Treatment may consist of certain medications that slow down tumor growth including finasteride and others; radiation therapy; surgery with prostatectomy to remove the bladder neck and sectioning/removal of all remaining tissue from within the urinary tract to prevent further spread beyond.

Prostate cancer has no signs or symptoms, so the only prevention is to get screened.

More information to include in the answer: There are several different types of prostate cancer that can be detected with a prostate exam. Some require surgery while others do not. Once diagnosed, treatment for these cancers often focuses on palliative care measures to relieve pain and other bothersome symptoms because prostate tumors rarely spread beyond the confines of this gland; they are considered localized or regional tumors. Treatment for advanced cancers may involve hormone therapy (antiandrogens) or chemotherapy (taxanes like docetaxel).

The symptoms of prostate cancer are also nonspecific and might include a change in frequency or volume of urine flow. An in-depth medical exam often determines the diagnosis, but anxieties in men over forty should be assuaged by getting a PSA test when appropriate. The causes sometimes arise from general conditions common from age 40 on which drive prostate cancer up from 1 out of 100 for people under 40 to 1 out of 4 for people over 80 - such as obesity, diabetes, elevated blood level cholesterol, family history and so forth. It's extra important to look after what we eat and how we live if we have one or more of these conditions already present.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. It is particularly more prevalent in elderly men. Over time, prostate cells may develop genetic damage that can lead to uncontrolled, or out-of-control cell growth. The most frequent cause of prostate cancer is age>40 years and obesity (>120% ideal body weight). Treatment for early-stage prostate cancers include surgery, radiation therapy and hormone therapy drugs.

Risk factors for prostate cancer are advanced age, being overweight or obese, family history of the disease or personal history of other cancers that have affected the gland near the prostate (eg., bladder), heavy consumption of alcohol (>2 drinks/day), sedentary lifestyle involving long periods without exercise (<1>

The symptoms of prostate cancer include difficulty urinating, prolonged or too frequent urination, blood in the urine or semen, pain when passing urine or ejaculating, erectile dysfunction. Possible causes include heredity and dietary factors. Treatments can involve surgery to remove the prostate gland in some cases. Options for this might include nerve-sparing robotic surgery when available.

  • Symptoms of prostate cancer include difficulty emptying the bladder, few or interrupted urination, pain during urination and bowel movement, excessive thin urine (pee), bloody urine or semen.
  • Causes of prostate cancer are close to zero chance of contracting it until you reach your 40's. If you had an older family history that involved prostate cancer, then there is a slightly elevated risk.
  • Medical treatment involves surgery to remove the entire gland or radical surgery where both testicles are removed as well as tissue all around the area called the para urethral region, including some muscle tissue on either side called "the peri spongiosum". This medical procedure may cure tumor not otherwise reachable with surgery.

Most of the symptoms are just a part of an enlarged prostate. The treatment is largely based on the type and stage, so for this answer, I will simply mention recurrences- which can happen in an estimated 5% to 20% of people after being treated. Late-stage cancers have been observed to reach points where they have not been observed to grow or spread but have still appeared to persist. As with any cancer, my suggestion would be that you go see your doctor best suited for your needs if you are concerned about any possible symptoms involving your prostate.

Prostate cancer is the third most common male malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. It primarily arises from glandular epithelium primarily by way of the prostate ducts and invades nearly every other organ system including bone, lymph nodes and blood vessels.

Symptoms may include hematuria (blood in urine), prostatitis (difficulty urinating), and erectile dysfunction; while risk factors that contribute to getting prostate cancer or who can be diagnosed include age (>50 years old); race (African American); family history of prostate cancer; sexually transmitted diseases such as human papilloma virus or chlamydia infection; diet with high intake of red meat, animal fat, dairy products.

Symptoms of prostate cancer may include difficulty urinating, pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine or semen, frequent trips to the bathroom at night (nocturia) and trouble starting a steady flow of urine. Causes of prostate cancer are related to genetic factors as well as environmental exposure to substances such as pesticides or components in processed foods.

Treatment for Prostate cancer varies depending on its severity. For example, if the tumor is small and is not growing fast it may be watched carefully with regular testing until it grows large enough to produce symptoms like difficulty urinating.

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Community

Community Health Wellness Programs: Building Healthier Communities Together

Healthcare does not begin in hospitals—it begins within communities. Community health wellness programs play a vital role in strengthening preventive healthcare systems, improving early detection and reducing disease burden. In India, where both urban and rural populations face increasing lifestyle and infectious disease risks, community-level initiatives are essential.

According to the World Health Organization, preventive and primary healthcare services delivered at community level significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports also highlight the rising burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, emphasizing the need for community-based interventions.

 

What Are Community Health Wellness Programs?

Community health wellness programs are organized efforts designed to:

  • promote preventive healthcare

  • increase health awareness

  • provide screening services

  • encourage healthy lifestyle adoption

These programs may be conducted by healthcare organizations, NGOs, corporate CSR initiatives or government agencies.

 

Why Community Programs Matter in India

India’s healthcare challenges include:

  • high population density

  • urban-rural disparities

  • limited early screening access

  • rising lifestyle diseases

NFHS-5 data shows increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity, especially in urban areas. Community-level screening improves early detection.

 

Key Components of Community Health Wellness Programs

1. Preventive Health Screening

Health camps often provide:

  • blood pressure checks

  • blood sugar testing

  • cholesterol screening

  • BMI measurement

Early detection prevents complications.

 

2. Health Education and Awareness

Workshops on:

  • balanced nutrition

  • physical activity

  • tobacco cessation

  • mental health

help individuals adopt healthier habits.

 

3. Vaccination Drives

Immunization programs reduce spread of infectious diseases.

Community outreach increases coverage.

 

4. Maternal and Child Health Services

Programs focus on:

  • prenatal care

  • nutrition guidance

  • child immunization

Protecting vulnerable populations strengthens long-term health.

 

5. Chronic Disease Management Support

Community programs support patients with:

  • diabetes

  • hypertension

  • asthma

Education improves medication adherence.

 

Benefits of Community Health Wellness Programs

Improved Early Detection

Screening identifies disease before symptoms worsen.

 

Reduced Healthcare Costs

Preventive care is more affordable than emergency treatment.

 

Increased Public Awareness

Educated communities make informed health decisions.

 

Better Access for Underserved Populations

Rural and low-income groups benefit significantly.

 

Strengthened Public Health Systems

Community-level intervention reduces burden on tertiary hospitals.

 

Role of Technology in Community Health

Digital health platforms enable:

  • teleconsultations

  • electronic health records

  • AI-assisted risk assessment

Technology improves efficiency and outreach.

 

Corporate and CSR Involvement

Many organizations integrate community health programs into CSR initiatives.

Such programs:

  • enhance brand reputation

  • promote employee engagement

  • contribute to social impact

Corporate-community partnerships amplify reach.

 

Addressing Urban Health Challenges

Urban populations face:

  • pollution exposure

  • sedentary lifestyles

  • high stress

Community programs provide screening and awareness to mitigate risk.

 

Addressing Rural Health Gaps

Rural areas may lack access to:

  • specialists

  • diagnostic services

  • preventive screening

Mobile health camps bridge this gap.

 

Measuring Impact

Successful programs track:

  • number of screenings conducted

  • disease detection rates

  • follow-up adherence

  • reduction in risk factors

Data-driven evaluation improves sustainability.

 

Long-Term Impact on Public Health

Community health wellness programs contribute to:

  • reduced chronic disease burden

  • improved life expectancy

  • stronger healthcare infrastructure

Preventive care at grassroots level creates systemic improvement.

 

Challenges in Implementation

Common challenges include:

  • limited funding

  • awareness barriers

  • logistical constraints

Collaboration between government, private sector and NGOs improves scalability.

 

The Future of Community Wellness in India

With rising lifestyle diseases and growing awareness, community wellness initiatives will become central to public health strategy.

Integration of digital tools, preventive screenings and education campaigns will enhance impact.

 

Conclusion

Community health wellness programs are essential for building resilient and healthier societies. By promoting preventive care, early screening and health education, these initiatives reduce disease burden and improve quality of life. In India’s diverse and rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, community-based wellness efforts serve as a foundation for sustainable public health progress. Investing in community health today ensures stronger, healthier generations tomorrow.

 

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO) – Community Health and Preventive Care Reports

  • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Non-Communicable Disease Data

  • National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Public Health Statistics

  • NITI Aayog – Primary and Preventive Healthcare Strategy

  • Lancet – Public Health and Community Intervention Research

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