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Published on: Sep 17, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Cancer Expert

Understanding Hypertension

There are many factors that can contribute to hypertension, including genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Some people are born with a predisposition to high blood pressure, while others may develop the condition over time due to poor eating habits or a sedentary lifestyle.

If you're diagnosed with hypertension, there are many things you can do to help control your blood pressure and improve your health. Quitting smoking, reducing sodium intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise are all important steps in managing hypertension. Talk to your doctor about creating a personalized treatment plan that fits your unique needs.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Over time, this can damage the heart and lead to other serious health problems. High blood pressure often has no symptoms, but it can be detected with a simple blood pressure test. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to lower blood pressure.

There are a few things that can cause hypertension, such as kidney disease, hormone problems, and artery damage. But the most common cause is simply being overweight. When you're overweight, your heart has to work harder to pump blood through your body. Over time, this can damage your arteries and cause your blood pressure to rise. Losing weight is one of the best ways to lower your blood pressure and improve your health.

Salt consumption has been linked to hypertension for years, and studies have shown that reducing salt intake can help lower blood pressure levels in many people. In fact, the American Heart Association recommends limiting salt intake to no more than 1,500 mg per day (which is about ¾ teaspoon). So if you're struggling with hypertension, it's a good idea to watch your salt intake and try to limit your consumption as much as possible.

High blood pressure can damage the heart and blood vessels and lead to a number of health problems, such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. Treatment for hypertension includes lifestyle changes (such as diet and exercise) and medications.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a serious medical condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. One in three American adults has high blood pressure – that’s about 75 million people. Only half of them have it under control. There are many risk factors for hypertension, including being overweight or obese, eating too much salt, drinking too much alcohol, and not getting enough exercise.

If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes like losing weight, eating healthier foods, and getting more exercise. You may also need to take medication to control your blood pressure. Hypertension is a big problem. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1 in 3 adults in the United States has hypertension, which is defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher.

The good news is that hypertension can be treated and controlled with medication and lifestyle changes. The most important lifestyle change for people with hypertension is reducing salt intake. Other lifestyle changes that can help include losing weight if you are overweight or obese, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and not smoking.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. It occurs when the force of blood pushing against the artery walls is too great. This can damage your heart, brain, and other organs.

High blood pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, diet, smoking, and lack of exercise. Treatment options include lifestyle changes (such as healthy eating and exercise), medications, and surgery. Left untreated, hypertension can lead to heart attack, stroke, and other serious health problems. There are many risk factors for hypertension, including obesity, a high salt diet, and consuming too much alcohol. But some people develop hypertension for no known reason.

Hypertension is a serious condition that can lead to heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. It's important to get it treated if you have it. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery. There are many potential causes of hypertension, including:

-Too much salt in the diet

-Not enough potassium in the diet

-Not enough calcium in the diet

-Too much caffeine or alcohol consumption

-stress and anxiety

-overeating and obesity

-lack of exercise

Each individual's cause of hypertension may be different. If you are concerned that you might have hypertension, it is best to speak with a healthcare professional to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.

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Yellow Eyes and Skin Symptoms: Causes, Warning Signs and When to Seek Care

Yellowing of the eyes and skin is one of the most noticeable physical changes a person can experience. Often referred to as jaundice, this symptom is not a disease by itself but a sign of underlying health conditions. Understanding yellow eyes and skin symptoms is essential because they frequently indicate problems involving the liver, blood or bile ducts and may require urgent medical attention.

In India, jaundice is a common presentation across age groups due to infections, liver disease and metabolic disorders.

What Does Yellowing of Eyes and Skin Mean?

The yellow colour appears due to excess bilirubin in the blood.

Bilirubin is:

a yellow pigment
produced from the breakdown of red blood cells
processed and removed by the liver

When bilirubin builds up, it deposits in tissues, causing yellow discoloration.

Why the Eyes Turn Yellow First

The sclera, or white part of the eyes, contains elastic tissue that binds bilirubin easily.

This makes yellowing:

more visible in eyes
detectable before skin changes

Yellow eyes are often the earliest sign of jaundice.

Common Causes of Yellow Eyes and Skin

Liver-Related Causes

The liver plays a central role in bilirubin metabolism.

Common liver causes include:

viral hepatitis (A, B, C, E)
fatty liver disease
alcoholic liver disease
liver cirrhosis
drug-induced liver injury

ICMR reports viral hepatitis as a major cause of jaundice in India.

Bile Duct Obstruction

Blocked bile flow prevents bilirubin excretion.

Causes include:

gallstones
bile duct strictures
pancreatic or bile duct tumours

This type of jaundice is often associated with itching and pale stools.

Blood Disorders

Excess breakdown of red blood cells increases bilirubin production.

Conditions include:

hemolytic anemia
malaria
inherited blood disorders

The liver may be overwhelmed despite being healthy.

Infections

Certain infections directly affect liver function.

Examples include:

hepatitis viruses
leptospirosis
severe sepsis

WHO data highlights hepatitis as a leading infectious cause of jaundice globally.

Newborn and Pregnancy-Related Causes

While common in newborns, jaundice in adults always needs evaluation.

Pregnancy-related liver disorders can also cause yellowing.

Associated Symptoms That Provide Clues

Yellow eyes and skin are often accompanied by:

dark yellow or tea-coloured urine
pale or clay-coloured stools
itching
fatigue
abdominal pain
loss of appetite

These symptoms help identify the underlying cause.

When Yellowing Becomes Dangerous

Seek urgent medical care if yellowing is accompanied by:

high fever
severe abdominal pain
confusion or drowsiness
vomiting
rapid worsening of colour

These signs suggest severe liver or systemic disease.

Jaundice and Liver Function

The liver normally:

conjugates bilirubin
excretes it into bile

When liver cells are damaged, bilirubin accumulates.

Lancet studies confirm jaundice as a key marker of liver dysfunction.

Diagnostic Evaluation

Doctors evaluate jaundice using:

blood tests for bilirubin levels
liver function tests
viral markers
ultrasound or CT scans
additional tests based on findings

Early testing identifies reversible causes.

Impact on Daily Life

Persistent jaundice can affect:

energy levels
digestion
mental clarity
work performance

Untreated liver disease can progress silently.

Treatment Depends on the Cause

There is no single treatment for jaundice.

Management focuses on:

treating infection
relieving bile obstruction
stopping harmful medications
managing chronic liver disease

Self-medication can worsen liver injury.

Role of Preventive Healthcare

Preventive measures include:

hepatitis vaccination
safe drinking water
limiting alcohol intake
regular health checkups

NITI Aayog emphasises liver health in preventive care strategies.

Lifestyle Factors That Affect Liver Health

Risk factors include:

excessive alcohol
obesity
high-fat diets
unsafe injections

Addressing these reduces jaundice risk.

Importance of Early Detection

Early diagnosis:

prevents complications
improves recovery
reduces hospitalisation

Delays increase the risk of liver failure.

Jaundice Is a Symptom, Not a Diagnosis

Understanding this distinction is crucial.

Treating the symptom alone:

does not resolve the disease
may mask serious conditions

Medical evaluation is essential.

Conclusion

Yellow eyes and skin symptoms are visible warning signs that should never be ignored. Most often linked to jaundice, they reflect underlying problems involving the liver, bile ducts or blood. Early medical evaluation, accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are critical to prevent serious complications. Recognising these symptoms and seeking care promptly can protect liver health and save lives.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Hepatitis and Liver Disease Reports
World Health Organization (WHO) – Jaundice and Hepatitis Guidelines
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Liver and Metabolic Health Indicators
Lancet – Liver Function and Bilirubin Research
NITI Aayog – Non-Communicable Diseases and Liver Health
Statista – Liver Disease and Hepatitis Trends

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