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Published on: May 07, 2022
3 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Ovarian Cancer - Cause Symptoms Diagnosis & Treatment

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. The ovaries are two small, almond-shaped organs located on each side of the uterus. They are responsible for producing the eggs necessary for reproduction and for secreting the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in women and is most often diagnosed in women over the age of 60.

What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?

The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be subtle and nonspecific, making it difficult to diagnose in its early stages. However, there are some common symptoms that may be a sign that something is not right.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. It usually occurs in women over the age of 50, but it can occur in younger women as well. Ovarian cancer is a very serious disease and can be fatal if not detected and treated early. There are many different causes of ovarian cancer, but the exact cause is unknown. Some risk factors include family history, being overweight, smoking, and certain health conditions such as endometriosis.

The most common symptom of ovarian cancer is abdominal pain or discomfort. Other symptoms may include bloating, frequent urination, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and fatigue. It’s estimated that over 22,000 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the United States this year alone. Though it is the fifth leading cause of death among women, it is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its symptoms can be hard to detect.

The ovaries are a pair of small organs located on either side of the uterus. They produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer begins when cells in the ovary start to grow uncontrollably. This can happen for a number of reasons, including genetic mutations or due to changes in hormone levels. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the ovaries. The two main types of ovarian cancer are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and germ cell ovarian cancer (GOC).EOC is the most common type of ovarian cancer, accounting for about 85 to 90 percent of all cases. GOC is much less common, accounting for only 2 to 5 percent of cases.

The cause of ovarian cancer is not known, but there are some risk factors that may increase a woman’s chance of developing the disease. These include:

• Age: Women over the age of 50 are at increased risk.

• Family history: Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister

According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer is "a malignancy that arises from cells of the ovary." Although it is possible for ovarian cancer to develop in women of any age, the majority of cases are diagnosed in women over the age of 60. There are a number of different types of ovarian cancer, each with its own set of symptoms and prognosis. The most common type is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the cells lining the ovaries. Other less common types include germ cell tumors (which begin in the eggs) and stromal tumors (which begin in the connective tissue).

The ovaries are two small, almond-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus. These organs produce the eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes and are fertilized by sperm in the womb. Ovarian cancer usually begins in the epithelium, which is the thin layer of cells that covers the ovaries. There are several possible causes of ovarian cancer, though the exact cause is unknown. One theory suggests that it may be caused by an imbalance of hormones, while another points to a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or other infections as a possible risk factor.

There are many different possible causes of ovarian cancer. One of the most common is a family history of the disease. Women who have close relatives (such as a mother or sister) who have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer are more likely to develop the disease themselves. Other possible risk factors include certain inherited genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome and BRCA1/2 mutations. Being overweight or obese is also thought to increase the risk, as well as taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause.

The cause of ovarian cancer is not known, but there are several risk factors that may increase a woman's chance of developing the disease. These include:

• A family history of ovarian cancer or breast cancer

• A personal history of breast cancer

• Obesity

• Never giving birth

• Taking estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy after menopause

• Use of fertility drugs

The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be difficult to identify because they are often nonspecific and mimic other conditions. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. The ovaries are a pair of small organs located in the woman's pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Ovarian cancer usually starts in the cells lining the ovaries. Ovarian cancer is often called a "silent killer" because symptoms may not appear until the disease is in its advanced stages. When symptoms do occur, they may be nonspecific and can mimic other conditions or diseases, making ovarian cancer difficult to detect early.

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10 Early Signs of Cancer Most Indians Ignore

Cancer is a growing concern in India, with cases rising due to lifestyle changes, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, many people tend to overlook early signs of cancer, mistaking them for minor health issues. In this article, we will discuss 10 early signs of cancer that most Indians ignore, how to detect them early, and essential cancer prevention tips.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss

If you are losing weight without any changes in diet or exercise, it could be a warning sign of cancer. Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, and lungs can cause sudden weight loss. If you experience unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg, consult a doctor immediately.

2. Persistent Fatigue

Feeling excessively tired despite getting enough rest may indicate an underlying health issue, including cancer. Leukemia, colon, and stomach cancers are often linked to extreme fatigue. If fatigue persists without an identifiable reason, it is advisable to get a medical evaluation.

3. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits

Frequent diarrhea, constipation, or blood in the stool may signal colorectal cancer, while changes in urination patterns may indicate bladder or prostate cancer. If you notice prolonged changes in your bowel or bladder habits, seek medical attention.

4. Non-Healing Sores

A sore that does not heal within a few weeks could be a sign of oral cancer or skin cancer. Smokers and tobacco users should be especially vigilant about mouth ulcers, as they are at higher risk of developing signs of oral cancer.

5. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness

A cough lasting more than three weeks, especially if accompanied by blood, could be a symptom of lung cancer. Hoarseness that persists might be linked to throat or thyroid cancer. How to detect cancer early in such cases involves consulting a specialist if respiratory symptoms do not improve.

6. Lumps or Thickening of Tissue

The presence of lumps in the breast, testicles, or other parts of the body should not be ignored. Common cancer types in India, such as breast and testicular cancer, often present as painless lumps in their early stages. Early medical evaluation can prevent progression.

7. Difficulty Swallowing

Persistent difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, could be an early symptom of throat, esophageal, or stomach cancer. If swallowing problems continue despite dietary adjustments, a medical examination is necessary.

8. Unexplained Bleeding

Unusual bleeding, such as blood in urine, stool, or coughing up blood, is a serious warning sign of cancer. Cervical and endometrial cancers may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is crucial to get tested if such symptoms occur.

9. Skin Changes

Skin abnormalities, such as dark patches, changes in moles, or persistent itching, can be indicators of skin cancer. If a mole grows, changes color, or starts bleeding, it is important to consult a dermatologist immediately.

10. Persistent Pain

Pain that does not go away, especially in the bones or back, can sometimes be an early sign of cancer. While pain alone is not definitive, unexplained or long-lasting pain should be evaluated by a medical professional.

How to Detect Cancer Early

Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Here are some tips to catch cancer in its initial stages:

Regular Health Check-ups: Routine screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, help in detecting cancer before symptoms appear.
Self-Examinations: Checking for lumps, unusual moles, or changes in bodily functions can help identify potential issues early.
Knowing Family History: If there is a family history of cancer, it is advisable to go for genetic counseling and regular screenings.
Seeking Medical Attention Promptly: Do not ignore persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

Cancer Prevention Tips

While cancer cannot always be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk. Here are some essential cancer prevention tips:

Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of signs of oral cancer and lung cancer in India. Avoiding tobacco can drastically reduce your risk.
Eat a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health and lowers cancer risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity increases the risk of several cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Regular exercise is key to maintaining a healthy weight.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been linked to liver, breast, and digestive tract cancers. Limiting alcohol can help reduce cancer risk.
Protect Yourself from the Sun: Skin cancer can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
Get Vaccinated: Vaccinations against Hepatitis B and HPV can prevent liver and cervical cancer, respectively.
Avoid Exposure to Carcinogens: Limit exposure to harmful chemicals, such as asbestos and radiation, that are known to cause cancer.

Conclusion

Awareness is the first step toward preventing and detecting cancer early. Ignoring early signs can lead to late-stage diagnosis and reduced treatment success. By understanding these early signs of cancer, following cancer prevention tips, and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can significantly lower their risk. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. How to detect cancer early is crucial knowledge that can save lives.

By staying informed and proactive, we can fight the rising incidence of common cancer types in India and ensure better health outcomes for all.