• Published on: May 21, 2025
  • 4 minute read
  • By: Secondmedic Expert

Liver Enzymes Test Explained – What SGPT/SGOT Mean

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The liver is one of the most important organs in your body. It performs hundreds of functions, including filtering toxins, producing bile, and supporting digestion and metabolism. When your liver is under stress or not functioning properly, certain enzymes in your blood can increase. Two of the most common enzymes tested are SGPT (ALT) and SGOT (AST). In this blog, we will break down what these enzymes mean, why your doctor might suggest this test, and what the results indicate.

What is a Liver Enzymes Test?

A liver enzymes test is a type of blood test used to evaluate the health of your liver. It measures specific proteins (called enzymes) that the liver releases into your blood. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes leak into your bloodstream. The most commonly tested liver enzymes are:

  • SGPT (ALT) – Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase

  • SGOT (AST) – Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
     

Why Do Doctors Recommend a Liver Enzymes Test?

Your doctor may ask for a liver enzymes test if you show symptoms of liver problems or are at risk due to lifestyle or existing health conditions. Some common reasons include:

  • Fatigue or weakness

  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice)

  • Abdominal pain or swelling

  • Dark urine or pale stools

  • Alcohol consumption

  • Hepatitis (A, B, or C)

  • Obesity or fatty liver

  • Long-term medication usage

  • Diabetes or high cholesterol
     

What is SGPT (ALT)?

SGPT, also known as ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), is an enzyme mainly found in the liver. It plays a role in converting proteins into energy for liver cells. When liver cells are damaged or inflamed, SGPT leaks into the bloodstream.

Normal SGPT Levels:

  • For men: 7 to 56 units per liter of blood

  • For women: 7 to 45 units per liter
     

What Does High SGPT Mean?

High SGPT levels may indicate:

  • Liver inflammation (Hepatitis)

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Alcohol-related liver damage

  • Liver infection or injury

  • Side effects of medications

  • Obesity-related liver stress
     

Sometimes, even intense physical activity or certain supplements can temporarily raise SGPT levels.

What is SGOT (AST)?

SGOT, also known as AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), is an enzyme found not just in the liver, but also in the heart, kidneys, muscles, and brain. So, while it can point to liver damage, it may also indicate problems in other organs.

Normal SGOT Levels:

  • For men: 8 to 48 units per liter of blood

  • For women: 8 to 43 units per liter
     

What Does High SGOT Mean?

High SGOT levels may be due to:

  • Liver damage or cirrhosis

  • Heart disease or recent heart attack

  • Muscle injuries

  • Pancreatitis

  • Alcohol abuse

  • Use of certain drugs or supplements
     

If both SGPT and SGOT are elevated, it’s more likely to be a liver-related issue.

SGPT vs SGOT – What's the Difference?

Feature

SGPT (ALT)

SGOT (AST)

Location

Mainly in the liver

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscles, brain

Specificity

More liver-specific

Less liver-specific

Indicates

Liver damage

Liver, heart, or muscle damage

Normal Range

7–56 U/L

8–48 U/L

Conclusion: If only SGPT is high, it's more likely to be liver-specific. If both are high, the doctor may run further tests.

Other Liver Tests Often Done Together

To get a full picture of liver health, doctors may also recommend:

  • ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) – Linked to bile ducts

  • GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase) – Linked to alcohol use or bile problems

  • Bilirubin – Indicates liver’s ability to process waste

  • Albumin and Total Protein – Reflects liver's protein production

  • PT/INR – Measures blood clotting, another liver function
     

What to Do if SGPT/SGOT Are High?

If your test results show high liver enzymes, don’t panic. A one-time elevation doesn’t always mean serious disease. Here's what you should do:

1. Follow-Up Testing

Your doctor may repeat the test after a few weeks or recommend imaging (ultrasound/CT scan) to check for liver fat, fibrosis, or tumors.

2. Lifestyle Changes

  • Avoid alcohol completely

  • Maintain a healthy diet (low-fat, high-fiber)

  • Exercise regularly

  • Control blood sugar and cholesterol

  • Stay hydrated
     

3. Review Medications

Some over-the-counter drugs like paracetamol, or supplements like bodybuilding products, can raise liver enzymes.

4. Monitor Regularly

If you have a chronic condition like diabetes, high cholesterol, or obesity, make liver function tests part of your routine health checks.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

  • Yellow eyes or skin (jaundice)

  • Severe abdominal pain

  • Swelling in legs or abdomen

  • Confusion or mood changes

  • Dark-colored urine or light-colored stools
     

These signs may indicate serious liver issues and need immediate attention.

Final Thoughts

The liver is a silent warrior – it works 24/7 and rarely complains until it's seriously damaged. That’s why regular check-ups, especially liver enzyme tests, are essential for early detection and prevention.

Understanding your SGPT and SGOT levels can give you valuable insights into your liver’s health. Whether you’re dealing with symptoms, managing a chronic condition, or just doing a preventive health check, this simple blood test can help you stay one step ahead.

Call to Action

Worried about your liver health? Book a full liver function test online today and get your results from the comfort of your home. Know your SGPT and SGOT levels now – because your health can’t wait.

Liver Enzymes Test Explained – What SGPT/SGOT Mean – Book Now on SecondMedic.com!

Read FAQs


A. It helps diagnose liver diseases, monitor liver health, and assess the impact of medications, alcohol, or infections on the liver.

A. SGPT (ALT): 7–56 U/L SGOT (AST): 8–48 U/L Ranges may vary slightly based on labs.

A. Elevated levels may indicate liver inflammation, fatty liver, hepatitis, alcohol-related damage, or side effects from medications.

A. Fasting is not always required, but it's best to follow your doctor’s or lab’s instructions.

A. A Liver Function Test (LFT), which includes SGPT, SGOT, Bilirubin, ALP, GGT, Albumin, and Total Protein, is recommended.

Read Blog
Lack of sunlight and mental health link

Lack of Sunlight and Mental Health Link: What You Should Know

Do you ever feel gloomy, tired, or anxious during the rainy season or in winter when sunlight is low? You're not alone. There’s a growing body of research that shows a strong link between lack of sunlight and mental health problems—including depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

In this blog, we’ll break down this connection in simple terms and help you understand why stepping outside for just 20 minutes of sunshine could boost your mood naturally.

 

Why Is Sunlight So Important?

Sunlight does more than just brighten our days. It plays a critical role in our physical and mental well-being by:

  • Regulating sleep through the circadian rhythm
     

  • Boosting serotonin, the “feel-good” hormone
     

  • Helping the body produce vitamin D, which supports mood and immunity
     

  • Improving alertness and reducing fatigue
     

When we don’t get enough sunlight—whether due to indoor lifestyles, long winters, or pollution—our mental health may suffer.

 

The Science Behind the Mood-Sunlight Connection

Sunlight impacts the brain's chemistry, especially serotonin and melatonin levels.

  • Serotonin improves mood, helps you feel calm, and supports focus.
     

  • Melatonin controls sleep and is produced when it's dark.
     

When you lack sunlight, serotonin production drops, while melatonin levels rise earlier in the day. This imbalance can cause:

  • Low energy
     

  • Sadness or depression
     

  • Irritability
     

  • Oversleeping
     

  • Poor concentration
     

 

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at certain times of the year—usually in winter when sunlight is limited.

Common SAD symptoms:

  • Feeling hopeless or down most of the day
     

  • Sleeping more than usual
     

  • Craving carbs and gaining weight
     

  • Losing interest in activities you usually enjoy
     

  • Low motivation and energy
     

SAD is real, and it affects millions worldwide—especially in places with long winters or low sunlight.

 

The Role of Vitamin D

Sunlight helps your skin make vitamin D, which is essential for your mood and immune function. Low levels of vitamin D are linked to:

  • Depression
     

  • Fatigue
     

  • Brain fog
     

  • Weak immunity
     

How do I know if I have low vitamin D?

You can take a Vitamin D blood test—available through platforms like SecondMedic.com with Thyrocare home collection.

 

Signs You May Be Affected by Low Sunlight

  • You feel sad or “off” during cloudy or winter days
     

  • You avoid going outdoors
     

  • You feel sleepy all day
     

  • You lose interest in daily tasks
     

  • You are deficient in vitamin D
     

If you check more than 2 of these, it’s time to focus on getting more light.

 

Simple Ways to Get More Sunlight and Boost Mental Health

1. Get Morning Sunlight

Spend 15–30 minutes in direct morning sunlight every day. This resets your internal clock and boosts serotonin.

2. Open Curtains and Use Natural Light Indoors

Let natural light into your home or workspace whenever possible.

3. Take a Walk Outside

Even a short daily walk can improve your mood.

4. Consider a Vitamin D Supplement

If your doctor confirms deficiency, a supplement may help restore mood balance.

5. Use Light Therapy

In areas with very little sunlight, light therapy lamps mimic natural light and can reduce SAD symptoms.

 

Related Lab Tests (Available on SecondMedic)

To understand how sunlight impacts your health, consider these lab tests:

Vitamin D Test

Check your vitamin D levels and confirm if sunlight deficiency is affecting your mood.

Thyroid Profile

Low sunlight can affect thyroid function, which is closely tied to mental health.

CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein)

To check if inflammation is contributing to fatigue or mood issues.

All of these are available for home sample collection through SecondMedic.com.

 

Conclusion

It’s easy to overlook how much sunlight affects our mind. But science clearly shows that regular exposure to natural light improves mood, energy, and mental clarity.

Whether you're feeling low or want to prevent future problems, just a few minutes of daily sunlight can make a big difference.

If you’re concerned about the lack of sunlight and mental health link, start by stepping outside—your brain will thank you.

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