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Published on: Mar 29, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Kidney Stones Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, And Treatment

Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary tract disorders, affecting around 1 in 11 people. Although they can cause excruciating pain, kidney stones are usually harmless and can be treated easily. Kidney stones develop when certain chemicals build up in the urine and form crystals. These crystals can grow into large masses, known as stones. Stones can develop anywhere in the urinary tract, but most commonly occur in the kidneys or bladder.

There are a variety of different treatment options available for kidney stones, depending on the size and location of the stone. Smaller stones may pass on their own without any treatment necessary. Larger stones may need to be broken up with sound waves or surgically removed.

Kidney stones occur when calcium or other minerals build up in the kidney to form a stone-like mass. Stones can range in size from a grain of sand to a pea and may be as large as a golf ball. Most kidney stones eventually pass out of the body on their own without causing permanent damage. However, large kidney stones may cause severe pain and blockage of the urine flow. Some kidney stones require treatment with Surgery, sound waves, or Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) to break them into smaller pieces that can be passed naturally.

Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. They occur when tiny crystals form in the urine and become hard over time. Kidney stones can vary in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and can cause severe pain. There are several types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate. Other types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. Kidney stones usually develop when there is an imbalance in the normal substances that make up urine. When these crystals form, they can stick together and create a stone. Dehydration is a major contributing factor to kidney stone formation.

There are several different types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate crystals. Other less common types include uric acid, Struvite, and cystine stones. Treatment for kidney stones depends on the type of stone involved and may involve surgery, medications, or other medical procedures. There are multiple things that can cause kidney stones, including a high intake of certain types of food and beverages, dehydration, and a family history of the condition. The most common type of kidney stone is made up of calcium oxalate crystals, but other substances like uric acid or struvite can also cause stones to form.

Once a stone forms in the kidney, it can travel down the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder) and get stuck. Kidney stones often cause no symptoms until they start to move down the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder). This can cause severe pain in the lower abdomen and groin, as well as generalized abdominal pain and nausea.

They affect men and women of all ages, although they are most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Kidney stones can be extremely painful and can cause serious health complications if left untreated. The good news is that kidney stones can be effectively treated, and in many cases, prevented altogether.

Most kidney stones can be treated with medication or surgery. But you may be able to prevent them by making some changes to your diet and lifestyle. If you’re wondering how to treat kidney stones, the first step is to see a doctor. They will likely order some tests, including a CT scan or an ultrasound, to get a better idea of the size and location of the stone. They will also order a urine test to

There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Kidney stones can range in size from a small grain of sand to a large pebble. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without causing any damage. However, if a stone does not pass on its own and instead lodges in the urinary tract (ureter), it can block urine flow and cause pain.

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Common Causes of Digestive Disorders: Symptoms, Triggers and Prevention

Digestive health plays a crucial role in overall wellbeing. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients and eliminating waste. When this system is disrupted, individuals may experience discomfort, pain and reduced quality of life.

Digestive disorders are increasingly common in India due to dietary shifts, stress and lifestyle changes. Understanding the common causes of digestive disorders can help individuals take preventive steps and seek timely treatment.

What Are Digestive Disorders?

Digestive disorders affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the:

Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

Common digestive conditions include:

Acidity (acid reflux)
Gastritis
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Constipation
Diarrhea
Peptic ulcers

1. Poor Dietary Habits

Unhealthy eating patterns are one of the leading causes of digestive problems.

Common dietary triggers include:

Excess spicy foods
Processed and fried foods
High sugar intake
Low fiber consumption
Irregular meal timings

Lack of fiber may cause constipation and slow bowel movements.

2. Chronic Stress

The gut and brain are closely connected through the gut-brain axis.

Chronic stress can:

Increase stomach acid production
Trigger IBS symptoms
Cause bloating and cramps
Alter gut motility

Managing stress is essential for digestive balance.

3. Infections

Bacterial, viral or parasitic infections can disturb gut function.

Examples include:

Food poisoning
Viral gastroenteritis
Contaminated water exposure

These infections may cause diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain.

4. Food Intolerances and Allergies

Some individuals may experience digestive issues due to:

Lactose intolerance
Gluten sensitivity
Certain food additives

Symptoms often include bloating, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.

5. Sedentary Lifestyle

Lack of physical activity can slow digestion, leading to:

Constipation
Bloating
Weight gain

Regular movement supports healthy bowel function.

6. Overuse of Medications

Certain medications may irritate the stomach lining, including:

Painkillers (NSAIDs)
Antibiotics
Steroids

Prolonged use without supervision may lead to ulcers or gastritis.

7. Dehydration

Insufficient water intake may cause hard stools and constipation.

Hydration is essential for smooth digestive function.

8. Alcohol and Smoking

Alcohol irritates the stomach lining, while smoking increases acid production.

Both habits increase risk of:

Acid reflux
Ulcers
Inflammatory conditions

9. Underlying Medical Conditions

Chronic illnesses such as:

Diabetes
Thyroid disorders
Liver disease

may affect digestive processes.

Proper medical management is important.

Common Symptoms of Digestive Disorders

Watch for:

Persistent bloating
Abdominal pain
Heartburn
Irregular bowel movements
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of appetite

If symptoms last more than two weeks, evaluation is recommended.

Preventing Digestive Disorders Naturally

1. Eat a Balanced Diet

Include:

Fiber-rich foods
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Probiotics like curd

Limit processed foods and excess spices.

2. Maintain Regular Meal Timings

Avoid skipping meals and overeating.

3. Stay Hydrated

Drink adequate water throughout the day.

4. Exercise Regularly

Daily physical activity supports gut motility.

5. Manage Stress

Practice meditation, yoga and breathing exercises.

6. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol

Reducing these habits protects digestive lining.

Digestive Health in India

Urban lifestyle patterns, irregular eating schedules and high-stress environments contribute to rising digestive complaints in India. Awareness about gut health and preventive measures is essential to reduce long-term complications.

Maintaining gut balance is key to overall health.

When to Seek Medical Help

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

Severe abdominal pain
Blood in stool
Persistent vomiting
Unexplained weight loss
Chronic diarrhea

Early diagnosis prevents serious complications.

Conclusion

Digestive disorders often result from poor diet, stress, infections and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Recognizing common triggers and adopting preventive strategies can significantly improve gut health and overall wellbeing.

Balanced nutrition, regular exercise, hydration and stress management are essential components of digestive wellness.

Listening to your body and seeking timely medical advice ensures long-term gastrointestinal health.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research – Digestive Health Reports
World Health Organization – Gastrointestinal Health Guidelines
National Institute of Nutrition India – Dietary Recommendations
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology – Research Studies
Lancet Global Health – Gut Health Research

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