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Published on: Mar 29, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Kidney Stones Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, And Treatment

Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary tract disorders, affecting around 1 in 11 people. Although they can cause excruciating pain, kidney stones are usually harmless and can be treated easily. Kidney stones develop when certain chemicals build up in the urine and form crystals. These crystals can grow into large masses, known as stones. Stones can develop anywhere in the urinary tract, but most commonly occur in the kidneys or bladder.

There are a variety of different treatment options available for kidney stones, depending on the size and location of the stone. Smaller stones may pass on their own without any treatment necessary. Larger stones may need to be broken up with sound waves or surgically removed.

Kidney stones occur when calcium or other minerals build up in the kidney to form a stone-like mass. Stones can range in size from a grain of sand to a pea and may be as large as a golf ball. Most kidney stones eventually pass out of the body on their own without causing permanent damage. However, large kidney stones may cause severe pain and blockage of the urine flow. Some kidney stones require treatment with Surgery, sound waves, or Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) to break them into smaller pieces that can be passed naturally.

Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. They occur when tiny crystals form in the urine and become hard over time. Kidney stones can vary in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and can cause severe pain. There are several types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate. Other types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. Kidney stones usually develop when there is an imbalance in the normal substances that make up urine. When these crystals form, they can stick together and create a stone. Dehydration is a major contributing factor to kidney stone formation.

There are several different types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate crystals. Other less common types include uric acid, Struvite, and cystine stones. Treatment for kidney stones depends on the type of stone involved and may involve surgery, medications, or other medical procedures. There are multiple things that can cause kidney stones, including a high intake of certain types of food and beverages, dehydration, and a family history of the condition. The most common type of kidney stone is made up of calcium oxalate crystals, but other substances like uric acid or struvite can also cause stones to form.

Once a stone forms in the kidney, it can travel down the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder) and get stuck. Kidney stones often cause no symptoms until they start to move down the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder). This can cause severe pain in the lower abdomen and groin, as well as generalized abdominal pain and nausea.

They affect men and women of all ages, although they are most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Kidney stones can be extremely painful and can cause serious health complications if left untreated. The good news is that kidney stones can be effectively treated, and in many cases, prevented altogether.

Most kidney stones can be treated with medication or surgery. But you may be able to prevent them by making some changes to your diet and lifestyle. If you’re wondering how to treat kidney stones, the first step is to see a doctor. They will likely order some tests, including a CT scan or an ultrasound, to get a better idea of the size and location of the stone. They will also order a urine test to

There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Kidney stones can range in size from a small grain of sand to a large pebble. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without causing any damage. However, if a stone does not pass on its own and instead lodges in the urinary tract (ureter), it can block urine flow and cause pain.

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common health problems during seasonal change

Seasonal changes bring relief from extreme weather, but they also pose unique challenges to human health. Transitions between summer, monsoon and winter often trigger a rise in illnesses. The body requires time to adapt to changing temperature, humidity and environmental conditions. During this adjustment period, immunity may weaken, making individuals more vulnerable to infections and other health problems.

Understanding common health problems during seasonal change helps individuals take preventive measures and seek timely care.

Why Seasonal Change Affects Health

Seasonal transitions impact the body in several ways:

sudden temperature fluctuations stress the immune system
humidity changes promote pathogen growth
allergens become more prevalent
lifestyle habits shift with weather

These factors collectively increase illness risk.

1. Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are among the most common health problems during seasonal change.

Causes

viral and bacterial growth in changing weather
increased indoor crowding
weakened respiratory defences

Symptoms

cough
sore throat
fever
nasal congestion

Children and elderly individuals are particularly vulnerable.

2. Common Cold and Flu

Seasonal transitions often coincide with cold and flu outbreaks.

Why They Increase

viruses survive longer in certain climates
immunity temporarily weakens
exposure increases during travel and gatherings

Symptoms

runny nose
sneezing
body aches
fatigue

3. Allergies

Seasonal allergies become prominent during weather shifts.

Common Triggers

pollen
dust
mould
air pollution

Symptoms

sneezing
itchy eyes
nasal congestion
throat irritation

Allergic symptoms can mimic infections and are often overlooked.

4. Digestive Problems

Digestive issues such as acidity, gas and indigestion are common during seasonal change.

Contributing Factors

altered eating patterns
contaminated food or water
reduced digestion efficiency

Symptoms

bloating
abdominal discomfort
nausea

5. Skin Problems

Changes in humidity and temperature affect skin health.

Common Issues

dryness
fungal infections
rashes

Poor skin barrier function increases infection risk.

6. Viral Fevers

Viral fevers are common during monsoon and post-monsoon periods.

Symptoms

sudden fever
body pain
headache
weakness

Early rest and hydration are essential.

7. Joint and Body Pain

Seasonal change may worsen joint stiffness and body aches, especially in individuals with arthritis.

Causes

cold weather
reduced physical activity
inflammation

Why Immunity Drops During Seasonal Change

Immunity may weaken due to:

temperature stress
vitamin deficiencies
poor sleep
increased stress

According to Indian Council of Medical Research data, immunity-related illnesses increase during transitional seasons.

Who Is Most at Risk?

High-risk groups include:

infants and children
elderly individuals
pregnant women
people with chronic diseases
individuals with low immunity

Extra care is required for these groups.
people with diabetes, heart disease,lung disease, kidney disease

Prevention of Seasonal Health Problems

Maintain Good Hygiene

Frequent handwashing reduces infection spread.

Support Immune Health

Balanced nutrition, hydration and adequate sleep strengthen immunity.

Stay Physically Active

Regular movement supports circulation and immune function.

Eat Fresh and Safe Food

Avoid stale or contaminated food during high-risk seasons.

Stay Vaccinated

Vaccination helps prevent seasonal flu and related complications.

Manage Allergens

Keep living spaces clean and well-ventilated.
mask use in crowded places, safe water, mosquito protection in monsoon.

Early Warning Signs Not to Ignore

Seek medical advice if experiencing:

persistent fever
breathing difficulty
severe weakness
worsening symptoms

Early intervention prevents complications.

Role of Preventive Healthcare

Preventive care focuses on:

early detection
risk reduction
long-term health protection

Seasonal health awareness is a key part of preventive medicine.

Long-Term Impact of Ignoring Seasonal Illness

Repeated seasonal illnesses may lead to:

chronic respiratory problems
weakened immunity
reduced quality of life

Prevention protects long-term health.

Conclusion

Common health problems during seasonal change include respiratory infections, colds, allergies, digestive issues and viral fevers. These conditions arise due to sudden weather changes, weakened immunity and increased exposure to pathogens. By understanding the causes and symptoms and adopting preventive measures such as good hygiene, balanced nutrition, adequate rest and timely medical care, individuals can significantly reduce seasonal illness risk. Seasonal transitions are inevitable, but proactive health practices ensure smoother adaptation and better wellbeing throughout the year.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Seasonal Disease Surveillance Report
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Immunity and Morbidity Data
World Health Organization (WHO) – Seasonal Illness Prevention Guideline
NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare and Climate Health Reports
Lancet – Climate Change and Seasonal Disease Patterns
Statista – Seasonal Illness Trends and Public Health Data

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