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Published on: Mar 29, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Kidney Stones Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, And Treatment

Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary tract disorders, affecting around 1 in 11 people. Although they can cause excruciating pain, kidney stones are usually harmless and can be treated easily. Kidney stones develop when certain chemicals build up in the urine and form crystals. These crystals can grow into large masses, known as stones. Stones can develop anywhere in the urinary tract, but most commonly occur in the kidneys or bladder.

There are a variety of different treatment options available for kidney stones, depending on the size and location of the stone. Smaller stones may pass on their own without any treatment necessary. Larger stones may need to be broken up with sound waves or surgically removed.

Kidney stones occur when calcium or other minerals build up in the kidney to form a stone-like mass. Stones can range in size from a grain of sand to a pea and may be as large as a golf ball. Most kidney stones eventually pass out of the body on their own without causing permanent damage. However, large kidney stones may cause severe pain and blockage of the urine flow. Some kidney stones require treatment with Surgery, sound waves, or Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) to break them into smaller pieces that can be passed naturally.

Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. They occur when tiny crystals form in the urine and become hard over time. Kidney stones can vary in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and can cause severe pain. There are several types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate. Other types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. Kidney stones usually develop when there is an imbalance in the normal substances that make up urine. When these crystals form, they can stick together and create a stone. Dehydration is a major contributing factor to kidney stone formation.

There are several different types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate crystals. Other less common types include uric acid, Struvite, and cystine stones. Treatment for kidney stones depends on the type of stone involved and may involve surgery, medications, or other medical procedures. There are multiple things that can cause kidney stones, including a high intake of certain types of food and beverages, dehydration, and a family history of the condition. The most common type of kidney stone is made up of calcium oxalate crystals, but other substances like uric acid or struvite can also cause stones to form.

Once a stone forms in the kidney, it can travel down the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder) and get stuck. Kidney stones often cause no symptoms until they start to move down the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder). This can cause severe pain in the lower abdomen and groin, as well as generalized abdominal pain and nausea.

They affect men and women of all ages, although they are most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Kidney stones can be extremely painful and can cause serious health complications if left untreated. The good news is that kidney stones can be effectively treated, and in many cases, prevented altogether.

Most kidney stones can be treated with medication or surgery. But you may be able to prevent them by making some changes to your diet and lifestyle. If you’re wondering how to treat kidney stones, the first step is to see a doctor. They will likely order some tests, including a CT scan or an ultrasound, to get a better idea of the size and location of the stone. They will also order a urine test to

There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Kidney stones can range in size from a small grain of sand to a large pebble. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without causing any damage. However, if a stone does not pass on its own and instead lodges in the urinary tract (ureter), it can block urine flow and cause pain.

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Anemia Diet Plan: What to Eat to Improve Hemoglobin Levels Naturally

Anemia is one of the most widespread nutritional disorders in India, affecting people across age groups. According to NFHS-5 and ICMR data, more than half of Indian women and a significant proportion of men suffer from anemia. While supplements are sometimes required, a structured anemia diet plan plays a central role in preventing and managing the condition.

Anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen efficiently. Nutrition is the foundation of hemoglobin production, making dietary correction essential.

Understanding the Nutritional Causes of Anemia

Anemia commonly results from deficiencies of:

iron
vitamin B12
folate

Each nutrient plays a specific role in red blood cell formation.

Iron: The Core Nutrient in Anemia

Iron is a key component of hemoglobin.

Iron deficiency leads to:

fatigue
weakness
pale skin
shortness of breath

ICMR identifies iron deficiency as the leading cause of anemia in India.

Types of Dietary Iron

Heme Iron

Found in animal foods and absorbed efficiently.

Sources include:

eggs
fish
chicken
liver

Non-Heme Iron

Found in plant-based foods and absorbed less efficiently.

Sources include:

spinach
lentils
chickpeas
jaggery
dates

Vitamin C improves non-heme iron absorption.

Role of Vitamin B12 in Anemia

Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell maturation.

Deficiency causes:

megaloblastic anemia
nerve symptoms
memory issues

Vegetarians are at higher risk due to limited dietary sources.

Role of Folate

Folate supports:

DNA synthesis
red blood cell formation

Low folate intake worsens anemia, especially during pregnancy.

Foods to Include in an Anemia Diet Plan

Iron-Rich Foods

green leafy vegetables (spinach, amaranth)
legumes and pulses
dates, raisins and figs
jaggery
red meat and eggs

Vitamin C-Rich Foods

citrus fruits
guava
tomatoes
bell peppers

These enhance iron absorption.

Vitamin B12 Sources

milk and dairy products
eggs
fish
fortified cereals

Folate-Rich Foods

green leafy vegetables
beans and peas
peanuts
whole grains

Sample Daily Anemia Diet Plan

Breakfast

vegetable omelette or sprouted moong
citrus fruit or guava

Mid-Morning

soaked raisins or dates
lemon water

Lunch

brown rice or roti
dal or chickpeas
green leafy vegetable sabzi
salad with lemon dressing

Evening Snack

roasted peanuts or chana
fruit rich in vitamin C

Dinner

vegetable curry with paneer or fish
whole wheat roti
lightly cooked greens

Bedtime

warm milk if tolerated

Foods That Reduce Iron Absorption

Certain foods interfere with iron absorption:

tea and coffee
excess calcium
highly processed foods

These should be avoided close to iron-rich meals.

Special Considerations for Women

Women require more iron due to:

menstruation
pregnancy
lactation

NFHS-5 highlights anemia as a major women’s health concern in India.

Anemia in Men and Older Adults

In men and elderly individuals, anemia may signal:

nutritional deficiency
chronic disease
gastrointestinal issues

Dietary correction should be combined with medical evaluation.

When Diet Alone Is Not Enough

Diet may not be sufficient if:

anemia is severe
absorption is impaired
chronic illness is present

In such cases, supplements or treatment of underlying causes is required.

Importance of Regular Blood Tests

Monitoring hemoglobin helps:

assess improvement
guide dietary adjustments
prevent recurrence

Preventive checkups are essential for high-risk groups.

Lifestyle Factors That Support Recovery

Along with diet:

adequate sleep
stress management
regular physical activity

support blood health and recovery.

Preventing Anemia Long-Term

Long-term prevention includes:

balanced meals
iron-rich cooking methods
avoiding excessive junk food
periodic screening

WHO and NITI Aayog emphasize nutrition education as a preventive strategy.

Conclusion

A well-structured anemia diet plan is the cornerstone of improving hemoglobin levels and restoring energy. By including iron-rich foods, supporting nutrients like vitamin B12 and folate, and improving absorption through smart food combinations, anemia can be effectively managed and prevented. Early dietary intervention, supported by regular health monitoring, helps avoid long-term complications and improves overall quality of life.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Anemia and Micronutrient Deficiency Reports
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Anemia Prevalence Data
World Health Organization (WHO) – Nutrition and Anemia Guidelines
Lancet – Micronutrient Deficiency and Public Health Research
NITI Aayog – Poshan Abhiyaan and Nutrition Policy Reports
Statista – Nutrition and Health Trends in India

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