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Published on: May 04, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Gastritis Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Gastritis is a condition that describes the inflammation of the stomach lining. Gastritis can be caused by a variety of things, including infection, injury, or autoimmune disease. Symptoms of gastritis include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, and bloating. Treatment for gastritis depends on the underlying cause; however, antacids and other stomach-lining protectants are often used to help relieve symptoms. If you think you may have gastritis, it's important to see your doctor so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment can be started.

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. It can have many different causes, but most often it is caused by infection with bacteria or viruses. Gastritis can also be caused by injury to the stomach lining, such as from overuse of pain relievers or alcohol. Symptoms of gastritis may include stomach pain, nausea and vomiting. Treatment for gastritis usually involves taking medications to reduce stomach acid and heal the inflamed stomach lining. In some cases, surgery may also be necessary to remove part of the stomach lining that has been damaged by gastritis.

Common causes include stress, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medications. Symptoms of gastritis include pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, heartburn, and nausea. Gastritis can usually be treated with home remedies and over-the-counter medications. However, in some cases, it may require medical treatment. If you think you may have gastritis, it's important to see your doctor so they can properly diagnose and treat the condition.

Gastritis is a condition that any of us could develop. It happens when our stomach lining becomes inflamed. Due to this can range from discomfort and pain to bleeding. While it isn’t a life-threatening condition, if left untreated, gastritis can lead tore ulcers, an increased risk of developing stomach cancer, and other serious problems. The most common cause of gastritis is bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (Hp). This bacterium is present in the digestive tract of many people and usually doesn’t cause any harm. However, in some cases it can lead to gastritis.

The most common symptom of gastritis is a burning feeling in the upper abdomen. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, bloating, belching, and indigestion. The most common cause of gastritis is infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). However, other factors such as stress, alcohol use, certain medications, and autoimmune conditions can also contribute to gastritis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the H. pylori infection and antacids or other medications to relieve symptoms. Symptoms of gastritis may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, and indigestion. Treatment depends on the cause of gastritis and may include antibiotics, antacids, and dietary changes.

Treatment for gastritis may involve antibiotics if the cause is bacterial, or antacid medications to reduce stomach acidity. More severe cases may require hospitalization. Surgery is rarely needed but may be necessary if there is significant bleeding from the stomach. There are many different causes of gastritis, and the symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, the most common symptoms include pain or discomfort in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, and indigestion. Gastritis can also lead to ulcers in the stomach lining.

There are a number of different factors that can contribute to gastritis. These include infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), autoimmune conditions (such as Crohn's disease), stress, drinking too much alcohol, and taking certain medications (such as NSAIDs). Diagnosing gastritis requires a combination of medical history, physical examination, and testing (including blood tests and endoscopy). The inflammation can be caused by various factors, including damage to the stomach lining from excess acid production, infection, or autoimmune response. Common symptoms of gastritis include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause of the inflammation but may include antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or deploy a barrier between the stomach lining and acid-producing cells.

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Tuberculosis Symptoms and Treatment: Early Signs, Diagnosis, and Recovery

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest known infectious diseases and continues to be a major public health concern, especially in developing countries. India accounts for a significant proportion of global TB cases, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The good news is that tuberculosis is preventable, treatable and curable when detected early and managed properly.

Understanding tuberculosis symptoms and treatment is critical for reducing disease spread, preventing complications and achieving complete recovery.

What Is Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also involve other parts of the body such as:

lymph nodes
bones and joints
kidneys
brain

TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks.

Why Tuberculosis Remains a Major Health Issue

According to the World Health Organization and ICMR data:

millions of new TB cases are reported annually
delayed diagnosis increases transmission
incomplete treatment leads to drug resistance

Early detection and treatment are key to TB control.

Common Tuberculosis Symptoms

TB symptoms often develop gradually and may be mild in the early stages, leading to delayed diagnosis.

Persistent Cough

A cough lasting more than two to three weeks is a hallmark symptom of pulmonary TB.

The cough may:

be dry or productive
worsen over time
sometimes produce blood

Fever and Night Sweats

Low-grade fever, especially in the evenings, is common.

Night sweats that soak clothing or bedding are a classic TB sign.

Unexplained Weight Loss

TB increases metabolic demand and reduces appetite, leading to significant weight loss.

Fatigue and Weakness

Persistent tiredness and reduced stamina occur due to chronic infection.

Chest Pain

Chest discomfort or pain may occur during coughing or breathing.

Symptoms of Extra-Pulmonary TB

When TB affects organs outside the lungs, symptoms depend on the site involved and may include:

swollen lymph nodes
bone or joint pain
headaches or neurological symptoms
urinary issues

Why TB Symptoms Are Often Ignored

Many TB symptoms resemble common infections or general weakness.

This leads to:

delayed medical consultation
prolonged transmission
disease progression

Awareness improves early detection.

How Tuberculosis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

sputum tests
chest X-ray
molecular tests such as CBNAAT
blood tests and imaging for extra-pulmonary TB

Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

Tuberculosis Treatment Explained

TB treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken over a fixed duration.

Standard TB Treatment

For drug-sensitive TB, treatment typically lasts:

6 months

The regimen includes multiple antibiotics taken in phases to ensure complete bacterial clearance.

Importance of Treatment Adherence

TB bacteria are slow-growing and resilient.

Stopping treatment early can result in:

incomplete cure
relapse
drug-resistant TB

Completing the full course is essential.

Drug-Resistant TB

If TB bacteria become resistant to standard drugs, treatment becomes longer and more complex.

Drug-resistant TB requires:

specialised medications
longer treatment duration
close medical supervision

Prevention of resistance depends on correct treatment from the start.

Side Effects of TB Treatment

Some individuals may experience side effects such as:

nausea
loss of appetite
mild liver enzyme changes

Most side effects are manageable with medical guidance and do not require stopping treatment.

TB and Public Health

TB is not just an individual health issue but a community concern.

Effective TB control requires:

early diagnosis
treatment adherence
contact tracing
public awareness

India’s national TB elimination programmes focus on these strategies.

Preventing Tuberculosis

Preventive measures include:

early detection and treatment of active TB
improving nutrition and immunity
adequate ventilation in living spaces
screening close contacts

BCG vaccination offers partial protection, especially in children.

Living With and Recovering From TB

With proper treatment:

symptoms gradually improve
infection becomes non-contagious
normal life can be resumed

Regular follow-up ensures complete recovery.

When to Seek Medical Help

Consult a healthcare provider if experiencing:

cough lasting more than two weeks
unexplained weight loss
persistent fever or night sweats
blood in sputum

Early action saves lives and prevents spread.

Long-Term Outlook After TB Treatment

Most individuals who complete treatment:

recover fully
regain normal lung function
return to daily activities

Long-term complications are rare with timely care.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis symptoms and treatment must be understood clearly to combat this preventable and curable disease. Persistent cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss should never be ignored. Early diagnosis, complete treatment adherence and regular follow-up are essential for curing TB and preventing transmission. With proper medical care and public awareness, tuberculosis can be effectively controlled and eliminated as a public health threat.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Treatment Guidelines
World Health Organization (WHO) – Global Tuberculosis Report
National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) – Government of India
Lancet Infectious Diseases – TB Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Infectious Disease Indicators
Statista – Global Tuberculosis Burden and Trends

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