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Published on: Jan 02, 2021
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

COVID-19 Variant: What We Know About This New Mutation

COVID-19 Variant: What we know about this new mutation

In early December a new variant of COVID -19 was detected in the UK, raising concerns across the world. SARS-CoV-2 has already significantly impacted the world, with 84 million cases worldwide and nearly 2 million deaths. Could the new variant cause further havoc? Is it something we should be worried about? Today we will have a look at what we know so far about the virus.

MUTAGENESIS

To start with we should go over viral mutations. Unlike complex organisms, viruses are highly prone to genetic mutations, even more than bacteria. All organisms including humans, birds, even worms, are prone to mutations as well. However due to their complexity, there is much higher risk of mutations causing significant problems with their cellular and genetic processes, problems that are often incompatible with life, or lead to cancer. For this reason, there are significant genetic roadblocks present to prevent such mutations from occurring.

Viruses on the other hand have genetic replication machinery of poor “quality”, prone to introducing mutations. Since they replicate quickly, with little care on which viral particles survive, it matters little if hundreds of viruses do not survive, as further thousands will and continue to spread in their host. It is for this reason we have such difficulty treating viruses or making viruses against them .

COVID VARIANT

The variant was first picked up by the COVID-19 Genomics UK consortium, which undertakes random genetic sequencing of positive COVID-19 samples across the UK. Since April they have sequenced 140,000 virus genomes, to identify and track outbreaks across the UK. The strain was first identified in September and sequenced in early October. However, the significance of this strain was not realized until the end of the year. By 13th December 1108 cases had been identified across 60 different locations, though the true number is likely much higher. In Norfolk, it accounts for nearly 20% of all samples.

17 Variations have been identified, most significantly in the spike protein the virus uses to bind to the ACE2 receptor found in the lungs. Changes in this protein may have resulted in it being more infectious and spreading more quickly between people. A review of current evidence has shown the rate of transmission was 71% higher than the other variants and may also have a much higher viral load. This has given it an advantage over the other COVID-19 strains- it has already been detected in South Africa, Europe, and America, and it is likely to become the dominant global strain in the near future.

It appears children are more susceptible to catching this virus. The virus propagated at a time when schools were open and running, whilst the rest of the country remained in lockdown. This may have provided a larger pool of children for the virus to spread in, resulting in this change. However, this does not mean that the virus “attacks” children, rather it is able to attach to ACE2 receptors in children’s lungs with greater ease and spread quickly.

VACCINE

The most important question on everyone’s mind – will the vaccine be effective against this new strain? If not, lockdown rules may be extended until new vaccines are discovered, and by then newer strains may leapfrog ahead and make the new vaccines irrelevant again.

So far experts believe that the new variant is unlikely to make vaccines ineffective. The vaccines all produce antibodies against the viral spike protein, but so far it appears the mutation has not changed the shape or function of the spike protein enough for antibodies to fail against it. The antibodies should be able to recognize enough sites on the spike protein to successfully attach, neuter the protein, and present the virus for destruction by the body’s immune system. Unfortunately, it will take some time to fully understand the effects of the mutation, though we can remain hopeful for now

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Symptoms of Chronic Inflammation in the Body: Early Warning Signs Explained

Inflammation is a natural defense mechanism that helps the body fight infections and heal injuries. However, when inflammation persists for months or even years without a clear cause, it becomes chronic. Chronic inflammation can silently damage tissues and increase the risk of serious diseases.

In India, rising cases of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and autoimmune disorders are often linked to long-term inflammatory processes. Recognizing the symptoms of chronic inflammation in the body is essential for early prevention and treatment.

What Is Chronic Inflammation?

Acute inflammation is short-term and occurs in response to injury or infection. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is:

Persistent
Low-grade
Often symptomatically subtle
Linked to long-term health conditions

It may occur due to unhealthy lifestyle habits, stress, obesity or underlying disease.

Common Symptoms of Chronic Inflammation

1. Persistent Fatigue

Ongoing tiredness that does not improve with rest may indicate systemic inflammation.

Inflammatory chemicals in the body can interfere with energy production.

2. Joint and Muscle Pain

Unexplained pain, stiffness or swelling in joints may suggest inflammatory conditions such as arthritis.

Pain may:

Last for weeks
Worsen in the morning
Occur without injury

3. Digestive Issues

Chronic inflammation may affect the gut, leading to:

Bloating
Diarrhea or constipation
Abdominal discomfort
Food sensitivities

Gut health and immune function are closely connected.

4. Frequent Infections

A weakened immune response due to chronic inflammation may result in:

Recurrent colds
Slow wound healing
Persistent sore throat

5. Skin Problems

Inflammatory skin conditions include:

Acne
Eczema
Psoriasis
Rashes

Persistent skin issues may reflect internal inflammation.

6. Brain Fog and Mood Changes

Inflammation can affect brain function, causing:

Difficulty concentrating
Memory issues
Irritability
Low mood

Mental and physical health are interconnected.

7. Unexplained Weight Changes

Inflammation may disrupt metabolism, leading to:

Abdominal weight gain
Difficulty losing weight

Obesity itself can further promote inflammation.

Causes of Chronic Inflammation

Common contributing factors include:

Poor diet high in processed foods
Excess sugar intake
Smoking
Alcohol abuse
Chronic stress
Lack of exercise
Sleep deprivation
Environmental pollution

Addressing these factors is essential for prevention.

Diseases Linked to Chronic Inflammation

Long-term inflammation is associated with:

Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Autoimmune disorders
Fatty liver disease
Alzheimer’s disease

Early intervention reduces risk significantly.

How to Reduce Chronic Inflammation Naturally

1. Adopt an Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Include:

Fresh fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Nuts and seeds
Fatty fish
Olive oil

Avoid processed foods and excessive sugar.

2. Exercise Regularly

Moderate physical activity lowers inflammatory markers.

Aim for at least 30 minutes daily.

3. Manage Stress

Chronic stress increases inflammatory hormones.

Practice:

Meditation
Yoga
Deep breathing exercises

4. Improve Sleep

7–8 hours of quality sleep supports immune regulation.

5. Maintain Healthy Weight

Reducing excess body fat lowers inflammation levels.

6. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol

Both habits promote inflammatory responses in the body.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

Persistent fatigue
Joint swelling
Recurrent infections
Unexplained pain
Long-lasting digestive problems

Blood tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP) may help assess inflammation levels.

Chronic Inflammation in the Indian Context

Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyle and dietary shifts in India have contributed to increasing inflammatory-related diseases. Public awareness about preventive measures can significantly reduce healthcare burden.

Early lifestyle changes play a crucial role in improving long-term outcomes.

Conclusion

Chronic inflammation may present subtle symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, digestive issues and brain fog. Although often overlooked, long-term inflammation can increase the risk of serious diseases.

Adopting healthy eating habits, regular exercise, stress management and adequate sleep can help reduce inflammation naturally. Recognizing early warning signs and seeking medical advice when needed ensures better long-term health.

Taking proactive steps today can prevent major complications tomorrow.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research – Chronic Disease Reports
World Health Organization – Non-Communicable Disease Guidelines
National Institute of Nutrition India – Dietary Recommendations
Lancet Global Health – Inflammation Research
Journal of Clinical Medicine – Chronic Inflammation Studies

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