• Published on: Jul 07, 2020
  • 1 minute read
  • By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

Asymptomatic Carriers Of COVID

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Why Asymptomatic carriers of COVID are as dangerous as symptomatic patients

 

Many countries have now begun enforcing masks for everyone to wear when out in public, in enclosed spaces, or on public transport. There is good evidence to support these measures, but unfortunately, some still show resistance to the idea. Whilst some reasons put forward are non-sensical (masks do not cause any noticeable or measurable decrease in oxygen delivery to the body), other people feel like they shouldn’t wear a mask because they do not have symptoms of COVID. And thus would not spread anything. Here we look at a recent publication in Nature, one of the most esteemed peer-reviewed scientific journals in the world, and what it shows us about the transmission of COVID in a population.

This study by Lavezzo et al looked at the suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the Italian municipality of Vo’. This municipality is 50 kilometers west of Venice with a population of just 3,416 people. It experienced its first casualty of COVID on the 21st of February, after which it underwent lockdown for 14 days. During this time data was collected on the clinical presentation and hospitalization of COVID patients, as well as other citizens through the contact tracing network.

In total 2,812 residents were tested in late February, with another 2,343 tests performed two weeks later at the end of lockdown. Nasal and throat swabs were taken to identify infected individuals. The study found only 2.6% of people were positive for COVID at the start of lockdown, which reduced to 1.2% two weeks later.

Out of this infected population, 42.5% were asymptomatic. They had no symptoms at the time of swab testing nor did they develop symptoms afterwards. When the viral load was measured between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, there was little difference.

Evidence has pointed to a large asymptomatic population, and previous studies have shown it to be as high as 50% in some cases. Many would assume if a patient has no symptoms then they must have fought the infection before it became an issue, or had a very low viral load and therefore were not likely to spread it. This study shows it is simply not true. Asymptomatic carriers of COVID are likely to contribute to the transmission and spread of COVID amongst the population.

If you are asymptomatic you have as high a viral load as someone who is symptomatic. But there is no way to tell without a swab. You have as much of a potential to spread the infection to the vulnerable. Even in people who became symptomatic the height of transmission was found to be before the patient showed any symptoms.

So what does this mean? If you have COVID you are likely to spread it before you show any symptoms or any symptoms at all. We know masks are effective at significantly reducing the spread of COVID, by catching the water droplets that carry the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Now that shops and public places are re-opening, the risk of spread is high.

Wear a mask. Stop the spread.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2488-1_reference.pdf suppression of a SARS article

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Sun Safety 101: Protecting Your Skin from Harmful UV Rays

Sun Safety 101: Protecting Your Skin from Harmful UV Rays

Introduction

Spending time under the sun can feel refreshing and energizing. Whether you're heading to the beach, taking a walk in the park, or simply enjoying a sunny day, sunlight offers several health benefits—most notably, it helps your body produce vitamin D. However, too much exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can seriously harm your skin.

From premature aging to life-threatening skin cancers, the effects of sun exposure are real. That’s why learning about sun safety is essential for everyone. In this blog, we will walk you through the basics of Sun Safety 101: Protecting Your Skin from Harmful UV Rays.

What Are UV Rays and Why Are They Dangerous?

UV rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that comes primarily from the sun. There are two main types of UV rays that affect our skin:

  • UVA rays: These can penetrate deep into the skin and are responsible for aging and wrinkles.

  • UVB rays: These affect the surface of the skin and are the main cause of sunburn.

Prolonged exposure to these rays can damage the DNA in your skin cells. Over time, this damage can lead to skin cancer—the most common form of cancer in many countries, including India.


Why Sun Protection Matters

Here are some reasons why sun safety should be a daily habit:

  1. Prevents Skin Cancer: Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is often linked to UV exposure.

  2. Slows Premature Aging: Sun damage can cause wrinkles, age spots, and dry skin.

  3. Protects Eyes and Immune System: UV rays can also harm your eyes and weaken your immune response.


How to Protect Your Skin from UV Rays

1. Use Sunscreen Daily

A good sunscreen is your first line of defense. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Choose Broad-Spectrum Protection: This shields you from both UVA and UVB rays.

  • SPF 30 or Higher: SPF (Sun Protection Factor) indicates how well the sunscreen blocks UVB rays.

  • Reapply Every 2 Hours: Especially if you're sweating or swimming.

Even on cloudy days, up to 80% of UV rays can penetrate the clouds. So, don’t skip sunscreen!

2. Wear Protective Clothing

Clothing can block out a lot of harmful UV radiation. Consider the following:

  • Long-sleeved shirts and long pants

  • Tightly woven fabrics

  • Darker colors offer better protection

  • Special UV-blocking clothes are available in the market

3. Use Sunglasses and Hats

Your face and eyes are very sensitive to sunlight. Use these accessories for extra protection:

  • Sunglasses with 100% UV protection

  • Wide-brimmed hats to shield your face, ears, and neck

4. Seek Shade

Between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., the sun’s rays are the strongest. If you’re outside during these hours:

  • Stay under a tree, umbrella, or a shaded area.

  • Use portable canopies or tents for outdoor activities.

5. Avoid Tanning Beds

Tanning beds use artificial UV light, which is just as dangerous—if not more—than natural sunlight. They significantly increase the risk of skin cancers, including melanoma.


Sun Protection for All Skin Types

It’s a common myth that people with darker skin tones don’t need sunscreen. While melanin does offer some natural protection, it’s not enough to prevent skin damage or cancer. Regardless of your skin tone, sun protection is essential.


Tips for Parents: Protecting Kids from UV Rays

Children’s skin is more sensitive to UV rays, making sun safety even more important. Here are a few tips:

  • Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or more before they go outside.

  • Dress them in lightweight, long-sleeved clothing and hats.

  • Keep babies under 6 months old out of direct sunlight.

  • Use sunglasses for kids to protect their eyes.

Teaching sun safety habits early can help children develop lifelong healthy practices.


After-Sun Care: What to Do If You Get Sunburned

Despite our best efforts, sunburns can still happen. Here's how to treat them:

  • Cool the skin with a cold compress or a cool bath.

  • Moisturize with aloe vera or a hydrating lotion.

  • Stay hydrated to help your skin heal.

  • Avoid further sun exposure until your skin fully recovers.

If you have severe blisters, fever, or signs of heatstroke, seek medical attention immediately.


Myths About Sun Exposure

Let’s bust some common myths:

  • Myth: "I only need sunscreen on sunny days."
    Fact: UV rays can damage your skin even on cloudy or winter days.

  • Myth: "A base tan protects against sunburn."
    Fact: A tan is a sign of skin damage and offers minimal protection.

  • Myth: "I don’t need sunscreen indoors."
    Fact: UVA rays can penetrate through windows and cause damage over time.


Simple Sun Safety Checklist

Before stepping out, run through this quick checklist:

? Apply SPF 30+ broad-spectrum sunscreen
? Wear a wide-brimmed hat
? Put on UV-protective sunglasses
? Dress in long sleeves and pants
? Pack extra sunscreen for reapplication
? Look for shaded areas or carry an umbrella


Final Thoughts

Sun exposure is a part of daily life—but protecting yourself from its harmful effects doesn't have to be difficult. By making small, conscious choices, you can enjoy the sun safely without putting your health at risk.

Healthy skin is beautiful skin, and prevention is always better than cure. Whether you're planning a beach vacation or just a walk in the sun, keep your skin covered and cared for.


CTA (Call to Action)

Ready to take charge of your skin health? Visit www.secondmedic.com today for expert advice, dermatologist consultations, and trusted skincare solutions. Don’t wait—start your journey with Sun Safety 101: Protecting Your Skin from Harmful UV Rays and keep your skin glowing and healthy all year round!

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