Ask a doctor - What is the cause of pedal edema?

Q. What is the cause of pedal edema?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Pedal edema, also known as swollen feet or ankle swelling, occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the tissues of the lower legs, ankles, and feet. There are several reasons why this might happen:

1. Fluid Retention: This is the most common cause of pedal edema. Fluid retention can occur due to various reasons such as standing or sitting for long periods, especially in hot weather when blood vessels dilate. It can also happen during pregnancy due to hormonal changes or as a side effect of certain medications like calcium channel blockers, steroids, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

2. Injury or Inflammation: Injuries to the foot or ankle, such as sprains or fractures, can lead to swelling. Additionally, inflammation from conditions like arthritis or tendonitis can also cause fluid buildup.

3. Heart Failure: When the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, fluid can accumulate in the legs and feet. This is because the blood backs up in the veins, increasing pressure in the blood vessels of the legs and leading to fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues.

4. Kidney Disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating fluid balance in the body. When they are not functioning properly, excess fluid and waste products can build up in the body, leading to swelling, including in the legs and feet.

5. Liver Disease: Liver disease can cause a decrease in the production of albumin, a protein that helps maintain fluid balance in the body. This can result in fluid retention and swelling, including in the lower extremities.

6. Venous Insufficiency: This condition occurs when the valves in the veins of the legs are damaged or weakened, causing blood to pool in the legs and feet. Over time, this can lead to swelling and discomfort.

7. Lymphedema: Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling due to a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system. This can be caused by surgery, radiation therapy, infection, or other factors, and often leads to swelling in the affected limb, including the feet and ankles.

8. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as those used to treat high blood pressure (e.g., calcium channel blockers), diabetes, or hormone replacement therapy, can cause fluid retention as a side effect, leading to pedal edema.

It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience pedal edema, especially if it's persistent or accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or sudden weight gain. They can help determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.