Ask a doctor - Can allergies cause asthma?

Q. Can allergies cause asthma?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Yes, allergies can contribute to the development or exacerbation of asthma. This condition is known as allergic asthma, and it is one of the most common types of asthma. Allergic asthma occurs when exposure to allergens triggers asthma symptoms or worsens existing asthma in susceptible individuals.

Here's how allergic asthma is typically associated with allergies:

1. Inhalation of Allergens: Individuals with allergic asthma are sensitive to certain airborne allergens, such as pollen, mold spores, pet dander, dust mites, or cockroach droppings.

2. Immune Response: When these allergens are inhaled, the immune system of individuals with allergic asthma overreacts. This immune response involves the release of inflammatory chemicals, such as histamine, that can lead to airway inflammation.

3. Airway Inflammation: The inflammation affects the airways, causing them to narrow and become more sensitive. This can result in symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness—characteristic features of asthma.

4. Asthma Attacks: Exposure to allergens can trigger asthma attacks in susceptible individuals. Asthma attacks involve a sudden worsening of symptoms, often requiring prompt medical intervention.

It's important to note that while allergic asthma is a significant subtype, not all asthma cases are directly related to allergies. Other types of asthma, such as non-allergic asthma, can be triggered by factors like respiratory infections, exercise, irritants in the air, or genetic factors.

Managing allergic asthma involves a combination of allergen avoidance strategies, medication, and, in some cases, allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots). Individuals with asthma, especially those with symptoms triggered by allergens, should work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a comprehensive management plan tailored to their specific needs.