• Published on: Apr 15, 2025
  • 4 minute read
  • By: Secondmedic Expert

Understanding Cardiac Arrest: Causes, Symptoms, And Life-Saving Actions

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Cardiac arrest is a serious and sudden medical emergency. It happens when the heart unexpectedly stops beating. This condition cuts off blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, and without quick treatment, it can lead to death within minutes.

Even though the term might sound scary, the good news is that understanding cardiac arrest can help you act quickly and potentially save a life. In this blog, we’ll explore what cardiac arrest is, why it happens, the warning signs, and how to respond if it ever occurs.

What Is Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood throughout the body. This is usually due to a problem with the heart's electrical system. Without a regular heartbeat, the brain, lungs, and other organs don’t get the oxygen they need, which can cause a person to collapse and become unresponsive.

It's important to know that cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack. A heart attack happens when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked. Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, is when the heart suddenly stops beating altogether. A heart attack can sometimes lead to cardiac arrest, but the two are different conditions.

What Causes Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest can be caused by several different factors, including heart-related and non-heart-related issues. The most common causes include:

1. Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

The most common cause of cardiac arrest is an arrhythmia called ventricular fibrillation. This happens when the heart beats in a fast and irregular way, preventing it from pumping blood properly.

2. Heart Attack

A heart attack can damage the heart's electrical system and trigger cardiac arrest. If the heart muscle is injured, it may not beat correctly.

3. Heart Disease

People with coronary artery disease, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) are more likely to experience cardiac arrest.

4. Congenital Heart Conditions

Some people are born with heart abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiac arrest, especially in young athletes.

5. Drug Overdose or Substance Abuse

Illegal drugs like cocaine or meth, or even certain prescription medications, can interfere with the heart’s rhythm and lead to cardiac arrest.

6. Severe Blood Loss or Oxygen Shortage

Situations such as drowning, choking, or serious injury can reduce oxygen levels in the body, causing the heart to stop.

Who Is at Risk?

Cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, but some people have a higher risk than others. Risk factors include:

  • History of heart disease or previous heart attack
     

  • High blood pressure or high cholesterol
     

  • Diabetes
     

  • Smoking
     

  • Obesity
     

  • Sedentary lifestyle
     

  • Family history of sudden cardiac arrest
     

  • Use of recreational drugs
     

Even athletes and young people can suffer from cardiac arrest, especially if they have an undiagnosed heart condition. That’s why regular health checkups are essential.

Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest usually happens suddenly and without warning. A person may:

  • Collapse without any reason
     

  • Lose consciousness immediately
     

  • Stop breathing or gasp for air
     

  • Have no pulse
     

Sometimes, a person may have warning signs just minutes before cardiac arrest, such as:

  • Chest discomfort
     

  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
     

  • Dizziness or fainting
     

  • Shortness of breath
     

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially in someone with heart disease, take it seriously and seek medical help.


What to Do in Case of Cardiac Arrest?

When cardiac arrest happens, every second counts. Here’s what you need to do immediately:

1. Call Emergency Services

Call your local emergency number right away (e.g., 911). Tell them it's a suspected cardiac arrest so they send help quickly.

2. Start CPR

Begin chest compressions immediately. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest (about 2 inches deep) at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. If you're trained, you can also give rescue breaths.

3. Use an AED

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a device that can help restart the heart. If one is available nearby, use it as soon as possible. AEDs are designed to be simple to use, even for people without medical training.

The combination of CPR and an AED can greatly increase the chance of survival until professional help arrives.

How Is Cardiac Arrest Treated?

Emergency responders may use advanced tools and medications to stabilize the heart. After arriving at the hospital, doctors may:

  • Run tests to find the cause of the arrest
     

  • Use defibrillation again if needed
     

  • Provide medications to support heart function
     

  • Implant a device called an ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) in people at high risk to prevent future arrests
     

Ongoing care may also involve lifestyle changes, medications, and treating underlying conditions like high blood pressure or arrhythmias.

Can Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?

Yes, in many cases, cardiac arrest can be prevented by leading a heart-healthy lifestyle and managing medical conditions early. Here’s how:

  • Exercise regularly
     

  • Eat a heart-healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains
     

  • Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
     

  • Keep your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar under control
     

  • Manage stress through mindfulness, meditation, or hobbies
     

  • Get regular check-ups, especially if you have a family history of heart issues
     

If you’ve already had a heart attack or have known heart problems, your doctor might recommend medications or devices like an ICD to reduce your risk of cardiac arrest.

Why CPR and AED Training Matter

Every minute without CPR reduces a cardiac arrest victim’s chance of survival. If more people knew how to perform CPR and use an AED, many lives could be saved every year.

Consider taking a CPR training course in your community. It’s a small investment of time that can make a huge difference in someone’s life—even a stranger's.

Conclusion

Cardiac arrest is a sudden and life-threatening condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age or health. Recognizing the warning signs, understanding the risk factors, and knowing how to respond with CPR or an AED can mean the difference between life and death. While it’s a frightening topic, being informed and prepared can help you protect yourself and your loved ones.

Read FAQs


A. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked, but the heart usually keeps beating. Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, often due to an electrical issue. A heart attack can sometimes lead to cardiac arrest.

A. Common warning signs include sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, and loss of consciousness. Some people may feel dizzy, have chest pain, or shortness of breath just before cardiac arrest occurs.

A. Cardiac arrest is treated with CPR (chest compressions) and the use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) to restart the heart. Emergency medical help should be called immediately.

A. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or a family history of heart problems are at higher risk. It can also affect athletes with undiagnosed heart conditions and people who use certain drugs.

A. Yes. Living a heart-healthy lifestyle—like exercising regularly, eating well, avoiding smoking, and managing medical conditions—can help prevent cardiac arrest. Regular check-ups also help detect heart issues early.

Read Blog
Lack of sunlight and mental health link

Lack of Sunlight and Mental Health Link: What You Should Know

Do you ever feel gloomy, tired, or anxious during the rainy season or in winter when sunlight is low? You're not alone. There’s a growing body of research that shows a strong link between lack of sunlight and mental health problems—including depression, anxiety, and fatigue.

In this blog, we’ll break down this connection in simple terms and help you understand why stepping outside for just 20 minutes of sunshine could boost your mood naturally.

 

Why Is Sunlight So Important?

Sunlight does more than just brighten our days. It plays a critical role in our physical and mental well-being by:

  • Regulating sleep through the circadian rhythm
     

  • Boosting serotonin, the “feel-good” hormone
     

  • Helping the body produce vitamin D, which supports mood and immunity
     

  • Improving alertness and reducing fatigue
     

When we don’t get enough sunlight—whether due to indoor lifestyles, long winters, or pollution—our mental health may suffer.

 

The Science Behind the Mood-Sunlight Connection

Sunlight impacts the brain's chemistry, especially serotonin and melatonin levels.

  • Serotonin improves mood, helps you feel calm, and supports focus.
     

  • Melatonin controls sleep and is produced when it's dark.
     

When you lack sunlight, serotonin production drops, while melatonin levels rise earlier in the day. This imbalance can cause:

  • Low energy
     

  • Sadness or depression
     

  • Irritability
     

  • Oversleeping
     

  • Poor concentration
     

 

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at certain times of the year—usually in winter when sunlight is limited.

Common SAD symptoms:

  • Feeling hopeless or down most of the day
     

  • Sleeping more than usual
     

  • Craving carbs and gaining weight
     

  • Losing interest in activities you usually enjoy
     

  • Low motivation and energy
     

SAD is real, and it affects millions worldwide—especially in places with long winters or low sunlight.

 

The Role of Vitamin D

Sunlight helps your skin make vitamin D, which is essential for your mood and immune function. Low levels of vitamin D are linked to:

  • Depression
     

  • Fatigue
     

  • Brain fog
     

  • Weak immunity
     

How do I know if I have low vitamin D?

You can take a Vitamin D blood test—available through platforms like SecondMedic.com with Thyrocare home collection.

 

Signs You May Be Affected by Low Sunlight

  • You feel sad or “off” during cloudy or winter days
     

  • You avoid going outdoors
     

  • You feel sleepy all day
     

  • You lose interest in daily tasks
     

  • You are deficient in vitamin D
     

If you check more than 2 of these, it’s time to focus on getting more light.

 

Simple Ways to Get More Sunlight and Boost Mental Health

1. Get Morning Sunlight

Spend 15–30 minutes in direct morning sunlight every day. This resets your internal clock and boosts serotonin.

2. Open Curtains and Use Natural Light Indoors

Let natural light into your home or workspace whenever possible.

3. Take a Walk Outside

Even a short daily walk can improve your mood.

4. Consider a Vitamin D Supplement

If your doctor confirms deficiency, a supplement may help restore mood balance.

5. Use Light Therapy

In areas with very little sunlight, light therapy lamps mimic natural light and can reduce SAD symptoms.

 

Related Lab Tests (Available on SecondMedic)

To understand how sunlight impacts your health, consider these lab tests:

Vitamin D Test

Check your vitamin D levels and confirm if sunlight deficiency is affecting your mood.

Thyroid Profile

Low sunlight can affect thyroid function, which is closely tied to mental health.

CRP Test (C-Reactive Protein)

To check if inflammation is contributing to fatigue or mood issues.

All of these are available for home sample collection through SecondMedic.com.

 

Conclusion

It’s easy to overlook how much sunlight affects our mind. But science clearly shows that regular exposure to natural light improves mood, energy, and mental clarity.

Whether you're feeling low or want to prevent future problems, just a few minutes of daily sunlight can make a big difference.

If you’re concerned about the lack of sunlight and mental health link, start by stepping outside—your brain will thank you.

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