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Published on: Apr 13, 2020
3 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

Plasma Treatment For COVID-19?

TREATING COVID WITH BLOOD

We have previously covered proposed treatments for COVID-19, in particular hydroxychloroquine, and explained why we shouldn’t look for a magic cure for this disease. Viruses are difficult to treat, and ultimately supportive treatment appears to be best we can achieve. But an editorial published in BioMedicine Central appears to show a novel treatment for the most ill patients, one that may have flown under most people’s radar.

“A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19”

An interesting title. Lets dissect it.

SUMMARY

- Blood is made up of many different components

- The immune system recognises the virus and produces antibodies against it to neutralise it

- These antibodies float in the blood plasma, a watery solution

- The plasma can be extracted from donated blood, and given to patients suffering from COVID-19

- So far evidence suggests it can help treat the most seriously affected patients.

WHAT IS IN OUR BLOOD

To understand this we must first understand what our blood is made of. Most people know that blood functions to transport oxygen from our lungs. But this is an oversimplification. Blood has many different functions:

- Transport: along with oxygen it transports sugars, fats, protein subunits throughout the body. This is done with the watery PLASMA of the blood.

- Clot: cells and protein structures act to plug any holes that form from cuts and damage. This is done by the PLATELETS in the blood

- Immunity: Immune cells respond to bacteria, viruses, parasites in the blood and body. They target these pathogens, identify and tag them with antibodies, and ultimately destroy them. This is done by the WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

And many more functions that we won’t bore you with.

IMMUNITY

It is this last point that is of interest to us. Our immune system consists of white blood cells that can recognise invading organisms in the blood, around cells and even invaders hiding within our own cells. All cells have protein markers on their surface, no matter if its human cells, bacterial, viral, fungal etc. These markers can be highlighted and targeted by specialised white blood cells, who in turn produce antibodies against these markers. Think of antibodies as handcuffs with flares attached: once attached other white blood cells use this information to find and destroy the invaders.

What is amazing about antibodies is how complex they are. The proteins in our body are incredibly complex. They are long chains that fold into unique shapes depending on hundreds of different types of chemical interactions. These are so complex that supercomputers can take literal years to figure out the shape of a single protein and how it folds depending on the subunits in its chain. This means that our immune system has to recognise these markers and figure out a complementary tag out of hundreds of billions of potential sequences. Antibodies have to be specific to their tag. If an antibody is produced that can target more than one tag, it can cause problems. If it targets a bacterial tag, but accidentally highlights the person’s cells as well, the immune system will start targeting and destroying the person’s organs. These auto-immune disorders can be devastating.

But when they work, antibodies are miraculous. They persist in the blood after an infection, and if a second infection occurs, memory cells in the blood can rapidly produce these antibodies before the infection can even produce symptoms. This is known as immunity, and is why we usually don’t get the same illness twice. Antibody based treatment is see as the future of medical therapy, and is something we will cover in future blogs.

PLASMA EXCHANGE

From population testing we can see that the majority of patients with COVID-19 recover, experiencing either mild symptoms, moderate symptoms requiring some form of treatment and hospitalisation, or no symptoms whatsoever. In these patients their immune system will have successfully recognised the virus and produced antibodies against it to neutralise the virus. It is the patients with severe symptoms, those in which the virus is running rampant in the body, that the production of antibodies happens too late.

Plasma exchange involves obtaining blood from patients who have beaten the virus, spinning the blood to separate out the red cells, white cells, platelets and watery plasma. The plasma contains all the glucose, small proteins and importantly for us, the antibodies. This plasma can be transfused into patients with COVID-19 that cannot cope, in order to help their immune system. These transfused antibodies will neutralise some of the viruses in the patient, reducing the viral load, amount of replication and cell destruction that causes such devastating symptoms in COVID-19.

The published editorial showed that in the most critical pneumonia patients, requiring mechanical ventilators and drugs to support the heart, mortality in plasma exchange patients resulted in a 47.8% mortality instead of 81.3%. Of course it is a single study with a limited number of patients, but the results are encouraging. It is further helped by the fact plasma exchange is a well established therapy, with established protocols known to intensivists and haematologists.

THE FUTURE

We may see the use of Plasma exchange for critically ill patients increase as the pandemic continues. It is not a treatment option available for everyone, as it requires intravenous access and careful monitoring in a controlled setting. But it also needs donation from people who have recovered from COVID and have suitable antibodies. So whilst it might not be a magic pill that everyone expects to cure COVID, it might be the difference between life and death for those that need it most.

Dr Rajan Choudhary, UK, Chief Product Officer, Second Medic Inc

www.secondmedic.com

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Virtual Second Opinion Services India: Making Medical Decisions Safer, Smarter, and More Accurate

Healthcare decisions can be overwhelming, especially when dealing with serious diagnoses, complex treatment options, or long-term health conditions. In India, where diagnostic variability and specialist availability differ across regions, seeking a second medical opinion has become essential for clarity and confidence. Virtual second opinion services India allow patients to consult top specialists online, review diagnoses, validate reports, and confirm treatment plans without traveling long distances.

SecondMedic has emerged as a trusted platform for virtual second opinions, connecting users with experienced specialists across cardiology, oncology, neurology, orthopedics, nephrology, endocrinology, and other medical fields. These services empower patients with accurate information and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatments.

Why Second Opinions Are Becoming Important in India

According to WHO, nearly 20-30% of medical errors globally stem from misdiagnoses. In India, disparities in medical access and diagnostic quality can make it harder for patients to rely on a single opinion-especially for complex or high-risk conditions.

Patients seek second opinions for:

Cancer diagnosis
Cardiac issues (blockages, angioplasty recommendations)
Orthopedic surgeries
Neurological disorders
Kidney and liver conditions
Autoimmune diseases
Rare or chronic illnesses

A second opinion ensures that treatment decisions are well-informed and evidence-based.

How Virtual Second Opinion Services Work

Virtual second opinion platforms like SecondMedic make the process simple and accessible.

Steps include:

Uploading medical reports, scans, prescriptions, and lab results.
Selecting the specialty or condition.
AI tools help summarize and organize the case.
A specialist reviews the case in detail.
The patient receives a written report or video consultation explaining the recommendations.
Follow-up guidance is provided when needed.

This digital-first approach saves time and helps patients receive expert evaluations from anywhere in India.

Key Benefits of Virtual Second Opinions

1. Access to Top Specialists

Patients can connect with some of India's best doctors without needing to visit major metro hospitals.

2. Prevention of Misdiagnosis

A fresh review reduces the risk of incorrect or incomplete diagnoses.

3. Verification of Treatment Plans

Before committing to surgery or long-term therapy, patients receive reassurance and clarity.

4. Time and Cost Savings

Virtual reviews eliminate travel, long waiting lines, and high hospital consultation fees.

5. Emotional Confidence

Patients and families gain peace of mind through expert validation of medical decisions.

SecondMedic ensures case reviews are thorough, unbiased, and personalized.

Use Cases Where Second Opinions Make a Big Difference

Oncology

Cancer diagnoses often require multi-specialty inputs. Virtual tumor board reviews help patients choose the right treatment path.

Cardiology

Heart conditions like blockages, angioplasty recommendations, or arrhythmia management require accurate evaluations.

Orthopedics

Joint replacement or spine surgery recommendations often need second validation to avoid unnecessary procedures.

Neurology

Conditions like epilepsy, stroke, or movement disorders benefit from deeper case review.

Chronic Illnesses

Diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and thyroid disorders require long-term management strategies.

Why Virtual Second Opinion Is Better Than In-Person for Many Patients

More specialist availability
Faster review times
Ability to compare multiple expert opinions
Digital access to consolidated medical records
Better accommodation of busy schedules
Suitable for rural patients with limited access to tertiary care hospitals

Digital second opinions remove geographic barriers completely.

The Role of Technology in Second Opinions

AI enhances the clarity and accuracy of second opinions by:

Pre-sorting medical documents
Highlighting abnormalities in lab results
Summarizing doctor notes
Identifying missing tests
Flagging potential medical risks

SecondMedic combines AI insights with top specialist expertise, resulting in stronger, data-backed recommendations.

Challenges in India’s Traditional Second Opinion System

Long wait times at major hospitals
Difficulty obtaining complete medical records
Travel to metro cities
Lack of specialized doctors in Tier 2/3 cities
Inconsistent diagnostic quality

Virtual second opinion services solve all of these pain points.

Future Outlook

Virtual medical reviews will continue growing with:

AI-powered case analysis
Integration with electronic health records (EHRs)
Multi-specialty collaborative boards
Predictive diagnostics
Global doctor networks

SecondMedic aims to lead this space by offering deeper, faster, and more accurate medical reassessments.

Conclusion

Virtual second opinion services India empower patients to make informed, safe, and confident healthcare decisions. By connecting users with top specialists and leveraging AI-driven insights, SecondMedic ensures that every major medical choice is backed by expertise and clarity. This is especially valuable for complex diagnoses, chronic conditions, and surgical recommendations.

To request a virtual second opinion, visit www.secondmedic.com

References

WHO - Misdiagnosis data and clinical errors
NITI Aayog - Digital health transformation reports
ABDM - Digital health records and interoperability
Statista - Telehealth adoption in India
Lancet & NEJM - Studies on second opinions
SecondMedic clinical team insights

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