• Published on: May 21, 2025
  • 4 minute read
  • By: Secondmedic Expert

Liver Enzymes Test Explained – What SGPT/SGOT Mean

  • WhatsApp share link icon
  • copy & share link icon
  • twitter share link icon
  • facebook share link icon

The liver is one of the most important organs in your body. It performs hundreds of functions, including filtering toxins, producing bile, and supporting digestion and metabolism. When your liver is under stress or not functioning properly, certain enzymes in your blood can increase. Two of the most common enzymes tested are SGPT (ALT) and SGOT (AST). In this blog, we will break down what these enzymes mean, why your doctor might suggest this test, and what the results indicate.

What is a Liver Enzymes Test?

A liver enzymes test is a type of blood test used to evaluate the health of your liver. It measures specific proteins (called enzymes) that the liver releases into your blood. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes leak into your bloodstream. The most commonly tested liver enzymes are:

  • SGPT (ALT) – Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase

  • SGOT (AST) – Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
     

Why Do Doctors Recommend a Liver Enzymes Test?

Your doctor may ask for a liver enzymes test if you show symptoms of liver problems or are at risk due to lifestyle or existing health conditions. Some common reasons include:

  • Fatigue or weakness

  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice)

  • Abdominal pain or swelling

  • Dark urine or pale stools

  • Alcohol consumption

  • Hepatitis (A, B, or C)

  • Obesity or fatty liver

  • Long-term medication usage

  • Diabetes or high cholesterol
     

What is SGPT (ALT)?

SGPT, also known as ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), is an enzyme mainly found in the liver. It plays a role in converting proteins into energy for liver cells. When liver cells are damaged or inflamed, SGPT leaks into the bloodstream.

Normal SGPT Levels:

  • For men: 7 to 56 units per liter of blood

  • For women: 7 to 45 units per liter
     

What Does High SGPT Mean?

High SGPT levels may indicate:

  • Liver inflammation (Hepatitis)

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Alcohol-related liver damage

  • Liver infection or injury

  • Side effects of medications

  • Obesity-related liver stress
     

Sometimes, even intense physical activity or certain supplements can temporarily raise SGPT levels.

What is SGOT (AST)?

SGOT, also known as AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), is an enzyme found not just in the liver, but also in the heart, kidneys, muscles, and brain. So, while it can point to liver damage, it may also indicate problems in other organs.

Normal SGOT Levels:

  • For men: 8 to 48 units per liter of blood

  • For women: 8 to 43 units per liter
     

What Does High SGOT Mean?

High SGOT levels may be due to:

  • Liver damage or cirrhosis

  • Heart disease or recent heart attack

  • Muscle injuries

  • Pancreatitis

  • Alcohol abuse

  • Use of certain drugs or supplements
     

If both SGPT and SGOT are elevated, it’s more likely to be a liver-related issue.

SGPT vs SGOT – What's the Difference?

Feature

SGPT (ALT)

SGOT (AST)

Location

Mainly in the liver

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscles, brain

Specificity

More liver-specific

Less liver-specific

Indicates

Liver damage

Liver, heart, or muscle damage

Normal Range

7–56 U/L

8–48 U/L

Conclusion: If only SGPT is high, it's more likely to be liver-specific. If both are high, the doctor may run further tests.

Other Liver Tests Often Done Together

To get a full picture of liver health, doctors may also recommend:

  • ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) – Linked to bile ducts

  • GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase) – Linked to alcohol use or bile problems

  • Bilirubin – Indicates liver’s ability to process waste

  • Albumin and Total Protein – Reflects liver's protein production

  • PT/INR – Measures blood clotting, another liver function
     

What to Do if SGPT/SGOT Are High?

If your test results show high liver enzymes, don’t panic. A one-time elevation doesn’t always mean serious disease. Here's what you should do:

1. Follow-Up Testing

Your doctor may repeat the test after a few weeks or recommend imaging (ultrasound/CT scan) to check for liver fat, fibrosis, or tumors.

2. Lifestyle Changes

  • Avoid alcohol completely

  • Maintain a healthy diet (low-fat, high-fiber)

  • Exercise regularly

  • Control blood sugar and cholesterol

  • Stay hydrated
     

3. Review Medications

Some over-the-counter drugs like paracetamol, or supplements like bodybuilding products, can raise liver enzymes.

4. Monitor Regularly

If you have a chronic condition like diabetes, high cholesterol, or obesity, make liver function tests part of your routine health checks.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

  • Yellow eyes or skin (jaundice)

  • Severe abdominal pain

  • Swelling in legs or abdomen

  • Confusion or mood changes

  • Dark-colored urine or light-colored stools
     

These signs may indicate serious liver issues and need immediate attention.

Final Thoughts

The liver is a silent warrior – it works 24/7 and rarely complains until it's seriously damaged. That’s why regular check-ups, especially liver enzyme tests, are essential for early detection and prevention.

Understanding your SGPT and SGOT levels can give you valuable insights into your liver’s health. Whether you’re dealing with symptoms, managing a chronic condition, or just doing a preventive health check, this simple blood test can help you stay one step ahead.

Call to Action

Worried about your liver health? Book a full liver function test online today and get your results from the comfort of your home. Know your SGPT and SGOT levels now – because your health can’t wait.

Liver Enzymes Test Explained – What SGPT/SGOT Mean – Book Now on SecondMedic.com!

Read FAQs


A. It helps diagnose liver diseases, monitor liver health, and assess the impact of medications, alcohol, or infections on the liver.

A. SGPT (ALT): 7–56 U/L SGOT (AST): 8–48 U/L Ranges may vary slightly based on labs.

A. Elevated levels may indicate liver inflammation, fatty liver, hepatitis, alcohol-related damage, or side effects from medications.

A. Fasting is not always required, but it's best to follow your doctor’s or lab’s instructions.

A. A Liver Function Test (LFT), which includes SGPT, SGOT, Bilirubin, ALP, GGT, Albumin, and Total Protein, is recommended.

Read Blog
Anxiety Could Be Linked to Your Gut Health

Why Your Anxiety Could Be Linked to Your Gut Health

Have you ever had “butterflies in your stomach” before a big event? Or felt your stomach twist when you’re nervous? These feelings are more than just expressions. They reveal a real connection between your brain and your gut. Today, science is uncovering fascinating links between gut health and mental health—especially anxiety. Let’s explore how your gut might be silently affecting your mood and why it’s so important to keep it healthy.

The Gut-Brain Connection: More Than You Think

The gut and brain are connected through a network known as the gut-brain axis. This communication highway uses nerves, hormones, and chemicals to send messages between the two. The vagus nerve, the longest cranial nerve, plays a key role in this connection. It runs from your brain to your abdomen and helps regulate digestion, mood, and even immune response.

This means your brain can affect your gut—and your gut can affect your brain.

Meet Your Second Brain: The Gut Microbiome

Your gut is home to trillions of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. This complex ecosystem is called the gut microbiome. It helps you digest food, absorb nutrients, fight harmful germs, and even create important chemicals.

Surprisingly, many of these chemicals influence your mood. One key player is serotonin, a “feel-good” hormone. Did you know that about 90% of serotonin is made in the gut? So, if your gut is unhealthy, your mood could suffer too.

How Gut Health Affects Anxiety

When your gut microbiome is balanced, you feel good—physically and mentally. But when it’s out of balance (a condition called dysbiosis), problems can begin.

1. Inflammation

An unhealthy gut can cause inflammation throughout the body, including the brain. This inflammation can interfere with normal brain function and contribute to anxiety and other mood disorders.

2. Leaky Gut Syndrome

If the gut lining becomes too weak, harmful bacteria and toxins can leak into the bloodstream. This is known as leaky gut. These toxins may trigger inflammation and affect your nervous system, increasing feelings of stress and anxiety.

3. Poor Nutrient Absorption

The gut absorbs nutrients like magnesium, B vitamins, and omega-3s—all of which are essential for brain health. If your gut isn’t working well, your brain might not get what it needs to stay calm and balanced.

4. Chemical Imbalance

The gut produces neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. An imbalance in gut bacteria can disrupt their production, potentially leading to anxiety, depression, or mood swings.

Signs Your Gut Might Be Affecting Your Mental Health

If you’re struggling with anxiety, it’s worth asking whether your gut could be involved. Here are some signs your gut health might be impacting your mood:

  • Frequent bloating or gas

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Sugar cravings

  • Food intolerances

  • Brain fog or difficulty concentrating

  • Feeling tired all the time

  • Poor sleep quality
     

If you have both anxiety and digestive issues, the two could be connected.

How to Improve Gut Health and Reduce Anxiety

Thankfully, you can take simple steps to support your gut health—and improve your mental well-being along the way.

1. Eat More Fiber

Fiber feeds the good bacteria in your gut. Add more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to your diet. Foods like apples, bananas, carrots, oats, and lentils are excellent choices.

2. Include Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics are live bacteria that help balance your gut microbiome. You can find them in yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and miso. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are foods that feed your good bacteria—like garlic, onions, and bananas.

3. Limit Processed and Sugary Foods

Sugar and highly processed foods can promote bad bacteria and inflammation. Try to reduce your intake of soft drinks, white bread, fast food, and sweets.

4. Manage Stress

Chronic stress can disrupt gut health. Practice stress-reducing techniques like deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or even spending time in nature.

5. Exercise Regularly

Physical activity helps regulate the gut microbiome and boosts mood-enhancing chemicals in the brain. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days.

6. Get Enough Sleep

Poor sleep affects both gut health and mental health. Aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep every night. A relaxing bedtime routine can help.

7. Stay Hydrated

Water helps keep your digestion smooth and your gut bacteria balanced. Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day.

8. Consider Supplements (If Needed)

If dietary changes aren’t enough, consider talking to a healthcare provider about probiotic or vitamin supplements. Don’t self-medicate—always consult a professional first.

When to See a Doctor

If you’re experiencing severe anxiety, depression, or digestive problems, don’t ignore it. A doctor or mental health professional can help you find the right treatment. In some cases, therapy, medication, or medical tests may be necessary.

Also, a nutritionist or gastroenterologist can help you identify and manage any gut-related issues contributing to your mental health symptoms.

Final Thoughts

Your gut is not just about digestion—it plays a powerful role in how you feel emotionally. Modern research shows that keeping your gut healthy can positively impact anxiety and overall mental well-being.

By taking simple steps to support your digestive system—like eating well, managing stress, and getting enough sleep—you can help improve both your gut and your mind.

 

Conclusion

In today’s fast-paced world, taking care of your mental health is more important than ever. And one of the most overlooked ways to do that is by taking care of your gut. From serotonin production to inflammation control, your gut plays a major role in how you feel every day. So next time you're feeling anxious, take a moment to think about your digestive health too. After all, it’s not just in your head—it could be in your stomach too.

If you're wondering why your anxiety could be linked to your gut health, it's time to start listening to your gut and making changes that support your entire well-being.

See all

Live Doctor consultation
Live Doctor Chat

Download Our App & Get Consultation from anywhere.

App Download
call icon for mobile number calling and whatsapp at secondmedic