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Published on: Apr 04, 2020
1 minute read
By: Dr Vibhash Mishra

Corona Virus (COVID-19) Being Responsible

The world is in a state of panic with fear of Corona and perhaps rightly so. Official, semi-official and unofficial guidances are pouring in from all possible sources. Social media has been promoting the use of masks only for sufferers of Corona infection and those who are having symptoms of cough and fever. Some experts have gone to the extent of suggesting that the use of mask for members of the general public may even be harmful. It may promote a sense of complacency among people, a false sense of safety leading to negligence of other precautions. Masks may be so ill-fitting that the user has to touch it frequently to adjust it, which may lead to transmission of infection. The virus is supposed to be transmitted by droplets coughed out by the sufferers. The purpose of the mask used by these people is to stop passing on the droplets to others. While this notion seems to make sense, it may not be entirely true and the use of masks by people at large may still have some protective value. There may be people who are infected and not aware of it. Avoiding relatively close contact with such people at public places may not be easy in populous countries which are not locked down completely yet. Use of mask in that situation may provide some protection at least. After all the infected droplets need to be inhaled to cause further infection and a mask over the mouth and nostrils will prevent the inhalation to some extent. It seems, therefore, that discouraging people from using masks may be an irresponsible act. What should be emphasized instead is that using a mask is not the end of your responsibility towards protecting yourself and others. Other precautions are equally important. Following are a few examples:
1. If you have cough and/or fever, confine yourself indoors and avoid coming in contact with people, specially children, elderly and those with chronic illnesses.
2. Wash your hands well with soap and water frequently and certainly after touching anyone or anything.
3. Avoid touching your face and eyes unnecessarily.
4. Do not cough in the open or on your hands. Use a tissue or your sleeve instead. Bin the tissue immediately.
5. Avoid unnecessary travels.
6. Avoid public gatherings.
7. If you suspect you may be infected with Corona, do not use antibiotics, they will not be effective.
8. When interacting with strangers or those with cough/fever, stand at least three steps away.

Dr Vibhash Mishra, London, UK, Chief Medical Officer, Second Medic

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How Lack of Sleep Weakens Immunity: Why Poor Sleep Makes You Fall Sick More Often

Sleep is one of the most powerful yet overlooked pillars of health. While nutrition and exercise receive significant attention, sleep often takes a back seat in modern lifestyles. Understanding how lack of sleep weakens immunity reveals why people who sleep poorly fall sick more often, take longer to recover and experience chronic inflammation.

In India, late-night work culture, excessive screen time and irregular schedules have made sleep deprivation increasingly common across age groups.

The Link Between Sleep and the Immune System

The immune system relies on sleep for:

repair and regeneration
immune cell production
inflammation control

During deep sleep, the body releases cytokines and antibodies that protect against infections.

What Happens to Immunity During Sleep

While sleeping:

immune cells identify pathogens
inflammatory responses are regulated
memory T-cells strengthen immune memory

This nightly process prepares the body to fight infections effectively.

How Sleep Deprivation Disrupts Immune Function

When sleep is inadequate:

immune cell activity decreases
antibody production drops
inflammation increases

WHO studies confirm that sleep deprivation weakens immune defence mechanisms.

Increased Risk of Infections

People who sleep less than 6 hours regularly:

fall sick more often
catch colds and flu easily
recover slower from illness

Lancet research shows a strong link between sleep duration and infection susceptibility.

Impact on Inflammation

Poor sleep increases inflammatory markers.

Chronic inflammation:

weakens immune response
increases risk of chronic diseases

ICMR reports highlight sleep deprivation as a contributor to low-grade systemic inflammation.

Effect on Vaccine Response

Sleep quality affects how well vaccines work.

Studies show:

poor sleep reduces antibody response
adequate sleep improves vaccine effectiveness

Sleep is essential for immune memory formation.

Hormonal Changes That Affect Immunity

Sleep regulates hormones such as:

cortisol
melatonin

Lack of sleep increases cortisol, which suppresses immune function.

Stress, Sleep and Immunity

Sleep deprivation and stress reinforce each other.

High stress:

disrupts sleep
suppresses immune cells

This cycle weakens overall resistance to illness.

Impact on Gut Immunity

The gut hosts a major part of the immune system.

Poor sleep:

disrupts gut microbiome
weakens gut immunity

Lancet studies link sleep deprivation to gut-related immune dysfunction.

Why Children and Older Adults Are More Vulnerable

Sleep deprivation affects:

children’s developing immune systems
older adults’ already weakened immunity

Adequate sleep is especially important in these age groups.

Signs Your Immunity Is Affected by Poor Sleep

Warning signs include:

frequent infections
slow wound healing
constant fatigue
increased allergies

These symptoms indicate compromised immune defence.

Long-Term Health Risks of Poor Sleep

Chronic sleep deprivation increases risk of:

infections
autoimmune disorders
metabolic diseases
heart disease

Sleep loss affects nearly every body system.

Role of Preventive Health Awareness

Preventive healthcare emphasises:

sleep as a foundation of immunity
early lifestyle correction

NITI Aayog recognises sleep hygiene as essential for population health.

How to Improve Sleep for Better Immunity

Effective strategies include:

fixed sleep and wake times
limiting screen exposure before bed
avoiding caffeine late in the day
creating a dark, quiet sleep environment

Consistency matters more than duration alone.

Myths About Sleep and Immunity

Myth: You can catch up on sleep later
Fact: Chronic sleep debt harms immunity.

Myth: Sleeping pills improve immunity
Fact: Natural sleep is more beneficial.

Why Sleep Is a Preventive Medicine

Sleep:

costs nothing
requires no equipment
delivers powerful immune protection

It is one of the most effective preventive health tools.

Conclusion

Understanding how lack of sleep weakens immunity highlights the critical role of sleep in protecting the body from infections and chronic disease. Poor sleep disrupts immune cell function, increases inflammation and reduces resistance to illness. Prioritising consistent, quality sleep is not optional—it is essential for strong immunity, faster recovery and long-term health. Protecting sleep today strengthens immune defence for tomorrow.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Sleep, Immunity and Inflammation Studies
World Health Organization (WHO) – Sleep and Immune Health Guidelines
National Institutes of Health – Sleep Deprivation and Immunity
Lancet – Sleep Duration and Infection Risk
NITI Aayog – Preventive Health and Lifestyle Recommendations

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