Q. How is breast cancer staged?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Breast cancer staging is a process used to determine the severity of a breast cancer diagnosis. It helps doctors decide what treatments will be most effective for each person's particular cancer.
Staging is based on the size, location and extent of your tumor, and whether it has spread to other parts of your body. Stages range from 0 (precancerous cells) through IV, with higher numbers indicating more advanced cancers.
Stage 0: This stage describes noninvasive cancers that remain within their original location in the milk ducts or lobules without growing into surrounding tissue. It includes both DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) and LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ).
Stage I: In this early stage, small tumors have developed but remain localized to either the milk ducts or lobules where they started and have not yet caused any lymph node involvement or spread to other parts of the body.
Stage II: In this moderately advanced stage, tumors are slightly larger than those found in Stage I but still remain localized within either milk ducts or lobules only; however, some lymph nodes may now contain malignant cells near them.
Stage III: Tumors at this advanced stage are larger than before and have likely spread further through either milk ducts or lobules as well as some nearby tissues such as fat tissues underarm areas close to lymph nodes; they can also be discovered invading blood vessels at this point too. Malignancy may also exist within several nearby lymph nodes by now but no distant metastasis has been detected yet outside of these local locations which is determined by imaging studies like CT scans for example; even if distant metastasis becomes apparent later on treatment strategies might still follow standard protocol depending upon individual case scenarios which would involve radiation therapy before surgery followed by chemotherapy depending upon initial stages etc..
Stage IV: This final Stage requires that tumors have already spread beyond initial localized areas throughout multiple organs — draining fluid between breast tissue planes — potentially including bones making traditional surgery less likely due to abnormally high risk factors associated with operating on heavily affected organ systems thus warranting alternative hormone therapy / radiation therapy / chemotherapy options for systemic treatment instead..
Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Answered by Secondmedic ExpertDealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:
1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.
2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.
3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.
4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.
5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.
6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.
7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.
Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.
Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.
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