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Published on: Apr 15, 2025
4 minute read
By: Secondmedic Expert

Understanding Cardiac Arrest: Causes, Symptoms, And Life-Saving Actions

Cardiac arrest is a serious and sudden medical emergency. It happens when the heart unexpectedly stops beating. This condition cuts off blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, and without quick treatment, it can lead to death within minutes.

Even though the term might sound scary, the good news is that understanding cardiac arrest can help you act quickly and potentially save a life. In this blog, we’ll explore what cardiac arrest is, why it happens, the warning signs, and how to respond if it ever occurs.

What Is Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood throughout the body. This is usually due to a problem with the heart's electrical system. Without a regular heartbeat, the brain, lungs, and other organs don’t get the oxygen they need, which can cause a person to collapse and become unresponsive.

It's important to know that cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack. A heart attack happens when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked. Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, is when the heart suddenly stops beating altogether. A heart attack can sometimes lead to cardiac arrest, but the two are different conditions.

What Causes Cardiac Arrest?

Cardiac arrest can be caused by several different factors, including heart-related and non-heart-related issues. The most common causes include:

1. Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmias)

The most common cause of cardiac arrest is an arrhythmia called ventricular fibrillation. This happens when the heart beats in a fast and irregular way, preventing it from pumping blood properly.

2. Heart Attack

A heart attack can damage the heart's electrical system and trigger cardiac arrest. If the heart muscle is injured, it may not beat correctly.

3. Heart Disease

People with coronary artery disease, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) are more likely to experience cardiac arrest.

4. Congenital Heart Conditions

Some people are born with heart abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiac arrest, especially in young athletes.

5. Drug Overdose or Substance Abuse

Illegal drugs like cocaine or meth, or even certain prescription medications, can interfere with the heart’s rhythm and lead to cardiac arrest.

6. Severe Blood Loss or Oxygen Shortage

Situations such as drowning, choking, or serious injury can reduce oxygen levels in the body, causing the heart to stop.

Who Is at Risk?

Cardiac arrest can happen to anyone, but some people have a higher risk than others. Risk factors include:

History of heart disease or previous heart attack
High blood pressure or high cholesterol
Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Family history of sudden cardiac arrest
Use of recreational drugs

Even athletes and young people can suffer from cardiac arrest, especially if they have an undiagnosed heart condition. That’s why regular health checkups are essential.

Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest usually happens suddenly and without warning. A person may:

Collapse without any reason
Lose consciousness immediately
Stop breathing or gasp for air
Have no pulse

Sometimes, a person may have warning signs just minutes before cardiac arrest, such as:

Chest discomfort
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Dizziness or fainting
Shortness of breath

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially in someone with heart disease, take it seriously and seek medical help.

What to Do in Case of Cardiac Arrest?

When cardiac arrest happens, every second counts. Here’s what you need to do immediately:

1. Call Emergency Services

Call your local emergency number right away (e.g., 911). Tell them it's a suspected cardiac arrest so they send help quickly.

2. Start CPR

Begin chest compressions immediately. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest (about 2 inches deep) at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. If you're trained, you can also give rescue breaths.

3. Use an AED

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a device that can help restart the heart. If one is available nearby, use it as soon as possible. AEDs are designed to be simple to use, even for people without medical training.

The combination of CPR and an AED can greatly increase the chance of survival until professional help arrives.

How Is Cardiac Arrest Treated?

Emergency responders may use advanced tools and medications to stabilize the heart. After arriving at the hospital, doctors may:

Run tests to find the cause of the arrest
Use defibrillation again if needed
Provide medications to support heart function
Implant a device called an ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) in people at high risk to prevent future arrests

Ongoing care may also involve lifestyle changes, medications, and treating underlying conditions like high blood pressure or arrhythmias.

Can Cardiac Arrest Be Prevented?

Yes, in many cases, cardiac arrest can be prevented by leading a heart-healthy lifestyle and managing medical conditions early. Here’s how:

Exercise regularly
Eat a heart-healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
Keep your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar under control
Manage stress through mindfulness, meditation, or hobbies
Get regular check-ups, especially if you have a family history of heart issues

If you’ve already had a heart attack or have known heart problems, your doctor might recommend medications or devices like an ICD to reduce your risk of cardiac arrest.

Why CPR and AED Training Matter

Every minute without CPR reduces a cardiac arrest victim’s chance of survival. If more people knew how to perform CPR and use an AED, many lives could be saved every year.

Consider taking a CPR training course in your community. It’s a small investment of time that can make a huge difference in someone’s life—even a stranger's.

Conclusion

Cardiac arrest is a sudden and life-threatening condition that can affect anyone, regardless of age or health. Recognizing the warning signs, understanding the risk factors, and knowing how to respond with CPR or an AED can mean the difference between life and death. While it’s a frightening topic, being informed and prepared can help you protect yourself and your loved ones.

Read FAQs

A. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked, but the heart usually keeps beating. Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, often due to an electrical issue. A heart attack can sometimes lead to cardiac arrest.

A. Common warning signs include sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, and loss of consciousness. Some people may feel dizzy, have chest pain, or shortness of breath just before cardiac arrest occurs.

A. Cardiac arrest is treated with CPR (chest compressions) and the use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) to restart the heart. Emergency medical help should be called immediately.

A. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, or a family history of heart problems are at higher risk. It can also affect athletes with undiagnosed heart conditions and people who use certain drugs.

A. Yes. Living a heart-healthy lifestyle—like exercising regularly, eating well, avoiding smoking, and managing medical conditions—can help prevent cardiac arrest. Regular check-ups also help detect heart issues early.

Read Blog

Joint Pain in Rainy Weather – What Doctors Say

When the skies turn grey and the rain begins to fall, many people start to feel an all-too-familiar ache in their joints. If you or someone you know often says, “I can feel the rain in my knees,” you’re not alone. Joint pain in rainy weather is a real concern for millions, especially those with arthritis or past injuries. But is this just an old myth or is there actual science behind it? Let’s break it down with what doctors and experts have to say.

Why Do Joints Hurt More in the Rain?

Many people report increased joint pain, stiffness, or discomfort during rainy or humid weather. There are a few reasons why this might happen:

1. Drop in Barometric Pressure

Doctors say that when it rains, the atmospheric or barometric pressure drops. This decrease may allow tissues in the body to expand slightly. For people with sensitive joints, this expansion can irritate nerves and lead to pain.

2. Cold Temperatures

Rain often brings cooler temperatures. Cold weather can cause muscles and joints to stiffen, reducing blood circulation and making movement more painful. People with arthritis may especially notice this.

3. Increased Humidity

Humidity can affect the way our body handles fluid. It may lead to inflammation or swelling around the joints, causing pain or discomfort in sensitive areas like knees, hips, and fingers.

4. Mood and Physical Activity

Rainy weather also tends to make people less active. Staying indoors and moving less can cause joint stiffness. Also, cloudy skies and gloomy days can affect your mood and lower your pain tolerance.

What Medical Experts Say

Dr. Anjali Mehta, Rheumatologist

“Patients often come to me complaining that their arthritis gets worse when it rains. While it may sound like an old wives’ tale, we do believe that weather changes—especially drops in pressure—can affect the joints.”

Dr. Rajeev Sharma, Orthopedic Surgeon

“People with old injuries or joint surgeries might have more nerve sensitivity. Weather changes can trigger inflammation or activate pain receptors in these areas.”

Dr. Sneha Kulkarni, Physiotherapist

“It’s important to keep joints mobile during rainy days. Movement improves circulation and prevents stiffness. Gentle exercises and stretching routines can help.”

Who Is Most Affected by Joint Pain in the Rain?

Joint pain in rainy weather doesn’t affect everyone, but certain groups are more likely to notice a difference:

People with Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Those with old joint injuries or fractures
Individuals with low Vitamin D or calcium levels
Elderly people whose joints are naturally more worn out
Women over 40, especially during menopause

Tips to Reduce Joint Pain During Rainy Days

The good news is that you can manage and reduce weather-related joint pain with simple steps. Here’s what doctors recommend:

Stay Warm

Use heating pads or wear thermal clothing.
Soak in a warm bath to relax your joints.

Keep Moving

Do light exercises like walking or yoga.
Stretch your joints regularly, even indoors.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking water helps maintain joint lubrication.
Avoid too much caffeine or salty foods, which may dehydrate you.

Eat a Joint-Friendly Diet

Include omega-3 rich foods like fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts.
Eat anti-inflammatory foods like turmeric, garlic, spinach, and berries.

Take Supplements if Needed

Consult your doctor about taking Vitamin D, calcium, or glucosamine supplements.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Less weight = less pressure on your joints.

Home Remedies That May Help

Here are some simple remedies that people swear by during rainy days:

Massage with warm mustard oil or coconut oil
Use a hot water bottle on stiff joints
Apply a turmeric paste externally
Drink ginger tea—it’s a natural anti-inflammatory
Practice meditation to manage stress-related joint pain

When Should You See a Doctor?

While occasional discomfort is common, you should see a doctor if:

The pain is constant and not improving
You experience swelling, redness, or warmth around the joint
You can’t move the joint properly
You feel weakness or numbness

Doctors can run tests like X-rays, blood work, or MRIs to find the cause and provide treatment. Sometimes joint pain could be due to underlying issues like arthritis, gout, or autoimmune diseases that require medical attention.

Conclusion

If your joints start to ache the moment clouds appear, it’s not just your imagination. Weather changes—especially rainy days—can affect your body in surprising ways. From barometric pressure to low temperatures, several factors can contribute to joint pain in rainy weather. But the right mix of exercise, diet, and self-care can make a big difference.

So the next time you feel a dull ache in your knees as it starts to drizzle, listen to your body—but also follow what experts suggest to stay comfortable and pain-free.

Want to understand your symptoms better or need personalized advice? Talk to your doctor today and learn more about “Joint pain in rainy weather – What doctors say.”

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