• Published on: Sep 23, 2021
  • 9 minute read
  • By: Second Medic Expert

Bipolar Disorder Is? - Cause, Prevention, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment.

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Understanding what bipolar disorder is? - cause, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment.

Generally, bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of mania (a period of abnormally elevated mood) followed by periods of depression. Bipolar patients may also experience symptoms that are not part of the manic or depressive episodes. These symptoms include various levels of anxiety, depression, psychosis and those who have been diagnosed as being schizo-affective can have periods where they feel euphoric as result of the psychotic episode with alternating mood swings from one episode to another between depression and normality.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mood disorder that causes an individual to experience periods of abnormally elevated moods (mania) and lows. People with bipolar disorder cycle rapidly in their moods, back and forth between mania and depression. Manic episodes are the hallmark symptom of bipolar disorder. With this condition, people can feel grand or persistent euphoria, pressure to keep talking and maintaining high energy levels for hours on end-sometimes without any sleep; rapid thoughts; rash decisions; inflated self-esteem; impulsiveness; risky behavior such as gambling away money that might lead to bankruptcy or drug use that could cause addiction problems like HIV or hepatitis C (the virus that also is associated with liver infection);

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in the person's moods now and then. The symptoms can include emotional highs (mania) with extra energy, working fast without resting, taking unnecessary risks (and often getting high), irritability or no desire to talk; followed by lows (depression) with low energy levels and feelings of hopelessness or despair. Bipolar symptoms can be tough to detect if you don't know what they are yet. But it's important to take bipolar symptoms seriously because not doing so could lead to dangerous behaviors such as gambling away your monthly food budget."

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes a person's mood to swing from one extreme to the other. People with bipolar disorder have episodes, or "mood swings," when their mood changes dramatically in a short period of time. In healthy people, the brain balances chemicals called neurotransmitters, which carry messages from one nerve cell to another. In bipolar disorder, however, there's an imbalance in certain neurotransmitters leading to mania and depression. As much as there are risk factors for each mood swing during an episode of bipolar disorder, experts don't know what causes this change in mental state.

A psychiatric diagnosis, bipolar disorder is characterized by dramatic mood swings that can involve debilitating depressions or misleading mania. Bipolar refers to the cycling between manic and depressive states. The term "manic-depressive illness" was once used to name this condition. Today, however, it's referred to simply as "bipolar disorder". The extreme emotional highs and lows of bipolar I disorder usually stop with maturity-- most people eventually develop a level of self-awareness that helps them manage their moods more effectively as they enter into adulthood. Bipolar II is primarily characterized by periods of depression interrupted by short periods (days) of hypomania; this type has an increased likelihood of responding well to treatment options.

Bipolar disorder is a type of mental illness, characterized by abnormalities in the mood. Affected individuals suffer from episodes of depression punctuated with periods of relative normalcy.

When an individual has both manic and depressive episodes (which are classified as bipolar I), they do not meet the criteria to be diagnosed with "major depressive disorder" unless or until they also have an episode that would classify them as either "manic" (or having major-depressive like symptoms). A person suffering only from depression (and no manic episodes) can, conversely, be diagnosed with "bipolar II".

Bipolar disorder, which used to be called manic-depressive illness or manic depressive disorder, is a mental illness in which you have alternating periods of mania and depression. Mania can include psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. The depressive phase may involve everything from low energy to thoughts of suicide.

The cause of the bipolar disorder isn't entirely known but it's likely a matter of abnormalities in brain chemistry that affect mood regulation and the self-control mechanisms for thinking about your actions vs. feelings when they take place. This includes the ability to make prudent decisions regarding impulse behavior when influenced by strong feelings like anger or elation or sexual desire--or by high levels of hormones that might occur in "roid rage."

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder where mild to mid-level manic states are experienced, but the periods of depression are more numerous and longer in time. More so than in someone with unipolar depression, the antidepressants prescribed for bipolar must be continued at their prescribed dose without interruption to prevent cycles of mania or worsening depressive symptoms.

A person with bipolar disorder is usually not considered clinically depressed per se because he or she experiences an episode of mania before they become clinically depressed. When the manic episode ends, however, it's often not preceded by a period of high functioning as can happen in people dealing solely with unipolar depression. The lows may be lower since there are higher highs leading up to them.

Bipolar disorder is a medical condition in which people experience unusually intense emotions with periods of depression and mania that can last for weeks or even years. Affected individuals often have trouble functioning in the day-to-day world due to difficulties with concentration, motivation, memory, and decision making. A person's mood may go from bright to dark within only minutes -- yet there may be no seemingly apparent cause at all. Bipolar disorder affects an estimated 2 million adults in the United States age 18 or older -- about 1% of the U.S population-- at some point during their lives.  

Bipolar disorder is a form of mental health disorder that affects moods. Long-term bipolar illness is typically characterized by oscillation between manic and depressive episodes, usually with at least one manic episode. This pattern does not respond well to short-term mood stabilizers, a month's worth of which could cost hundreds or thousands of dollars while failing to address the core issue. It responds very well to long-lasting anticonvulsants such as Depakote (Valproic acid) and Lamictal (Lamotrigine).

Bipolar disorder is a brain condition that causes extreme shifts in mood and energy that can include both depression and mania.  The cause of the bipolar disorder isn't exactly clear, but it seems like it is triggered by an interaction between some unknown factor (or factors) in your brain's chemistry, environmental stressors such as those mentioned earlier, genetic vulnerabilities, and life experiences.  All of these things interact with each other to produce bipolar symptoms- which can sometimes seem like they're acted out by someone else entirely. The person may snap from feeling okay with good-spirited and selfless to feeling high-strung or irritable or anxious.

There is no one thing that causes bipolar disorder. It might be talked about as the "bipolar spectrum" and those with milder forms of manic depression can be diagnosed as bipolar II or cyclothymic disorder.

The cause of bipolar disorder may vary from person to person and many people don't know what it is that triggers them, but there are a few common factors that play a role in how we experience our moods. These include genetics, family history, life stressors (like career changes or moving), and seasonal cycles. Although research has not yet pinpointed the exact cause for this mental illness it's believed that multiple triggers contribute to causing mania and depression episodes at random times.

This is one of the most common forms of mental illness in the United States. Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of depression or low-energy states coupled with mood swings between elation and high-energy mania, which often involves impulsivity and obsessive behaviors.

Current research is looking at how genes interact with specific environmental factors, including stressful life events. Details on some of the leading theories are outlined below. Diabetes- Researchers think that there may be some type of interaction between diabetes and bipolar disorder because higher levels of certain proteins in the blood seemed to act as an early warning sign for the risk of getting both illnesses. The researchers believe that these types of biomarkers can help identify which child might later develop diabetes or bipolar disorder, so they could receive the appropriate treatments earlier on.

Heart Disease - Research has found people who have died from cardiovascular problems were nearly six times more likely than those without any cardiological disease to also have had a diagnosis for major depression and/or bipolar disorder.

There are many possible causes of bipolar disorder. It occurs due to an imbalance in the brain chemicals serotonin and dopamine. The disease is currently understood to result from a problem with how these two neurotransmitters communicate with one another. Most treatments focus on correcting this chemical dysfunction by balancing out the levels of serotonin and dopamine, and antidepressants work because they do just that. Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric condition in which mood fluctuates between periods of depression and periods of mania, or cycles through both states at the same time. Bipolar disorder is not the same thing as "being moody" - people with bipolar illness usually have one episode that sticks around for weeks to months where they may sleep all day because they're too tired from the night before when their mania was going strong.

A lot can contribute to developing bipolar disorder, from poor nutrition to hormonal changes after puberty, adverse drug reactions to medications like steroids taken by mouth, or steroids applied on the skin. There are many different manifestations of bipolar disorder, and these can range from manic episodes with severe changes in behavior to depressive episodes with low energy. In general, moods can be manic or severe depressions which might include psychosis.

It's not uncommon for bipolar disorder to present as something called "rapid-cycling". This describes a type of illness where people cycle between mood poles at a much faster rate than usual, often 4 or more times a day. For example, it may start first thing in the morning as high anxiety before going into rapid cycling mania through to the evening when feelings of depression spiral down into darkness before sleep brings relief from the hot torrents of their thoughts only to repeat again as morning light illuminates

Symptoms of bipolar disorder depend on the mood state of the person. Bipolar mood swings are defined by alternating between manic highs and depressive lows, with periods in which a person experiences normal moods in-between. People with bipolar disorder may also experience psychotic symptoms when they're in a manic phase. Examples include hallucinations or delusions. Additionally, mania often manifests as impulsivity, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, risky behavior, elevated sexual desire, or high irritability. The depressive phase is marked by low energy levels that can lead to thoughts of suicide or substance abuse. Insomnia and loss of appetite can also be present during this stage if it goes untreated;

Temporary mood swings to different poles of emotion - for example, feeling major depression followed by the opposite state of mania. Extreme highs are called manic episodes, while lows are termed depressive or down states. The swings can happen quickly or gradually over days, weeks, months or years. Temptations to carry out risky behaviors such as drinking alcohol excessively and having promiscuous sex for no reason other than to relieve feelings of unhappiness. This behaviour is not linked with pleasure but rather temporary relief from an intense internal discomfort that's being communicated through boredom or social isolation.

The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be broken down into four broad categories. People who are diagnosed with the disorder will experience symptomatic highs and symptomatic lows. Hallucinations, delusions, low self-esteem where they feel “dumb” or worthless; periods of time without sleeping; irritability or aggressive behavior during arousable phase;

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that causes people to have very negative, misinformed thoughts about themselves and their environment. Symptoms include: hallucinations (hearing voices and seeing things), paranoia (spreading false information), delusions (strong beliefs that cannot be swayed by reasoning)   For those who have been diagnosed with bipolar, prescribed medications may be used to help manage the condition. Antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs are typically prescribed as a first-line treatment.

Psychotherapy is the other option for those who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. It can be used in combination with medications or on its own.

Psychotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for mental disorders because it's person-centered, meaning it's tailored specifically for someone, and usually involves meeting regularly with a trained professional like a psychologist or psychiatrist to talk about your treatment goals and work together towards them using techniques that best fit your needs. Medications are helpful when combined with psychotherapies, but they're not considered the primary form

The only medication that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar depression is quetiapine, but it may still be more effective in manic-depressives than in depressive phases. Drugs used to treat ADHD and some psychotic illnesses may help a small number of people with bipolar disorder, especially those with a significant degree of anxiety.

People with bipolar disorder may be treated with different medications. A class of drugs called mood stabilizers is often used to help people keep their moods “steadier”, though these drugs have had little or no effect on our long term outcome. It has been hypothesized that this lack of effect could be because the theory about mania and depression as related disorders might not be accurate, and that untreated depression may actually accompany bipolar disorder.

Most people who treat manic episodes (with mania) start their treatment by using lithium at a low dose, but if mania persists for more than a few weeks they will adjust the dosage up gradually until they find an amount that helps control it."

Treatment of bipolar disorder can come in many different forms. Some people may need medication to help reduce their highs and lows so they don't tip over into mania or depression, while others may find support groups helpful for similar reasons. For those who experience more than just mood swings, substance abuse is also a serious problem that should be addressed during treatment.

Psychotherapy can be used to deal with the physical issues that surround mental illness as well as help the person better understand how it impacts both themselves and those around them. Having an understanding of what causes these swings may not necessarily necessitate medication right away but in some cases will provide insights and coping strategies when in times of stress where withdrawal may otherwise occur.

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder which requires medication. There are various treatments considered for bipolar, including counselling, psychotherapy, support groups and mood stabilizers. Antidepressants are often used to correct chemical imbalances in the brain. Lithium is also an effective treatment for persons with bipolar disorder. Treatment is decided based on each individual. If a person has manic episodes that do not need to be slowed down, then they may take lithium or frequently alternate between lowering and raising doses of medication. If a person has both high- and low- intensity moods, fewer mood swings with the highs being less intense, also known as rapid cycling bipolar disorder, they may require a maintenance therapy in addition to their medications.

Reducing the frequency of bipolar episodes in people who have a higher intensity of mood swings can be achieved by taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The dosages for these SSRIs are far smaller than those used to treat depression because high levels of serotonin may induce unwanted

Generally, the first steps are to find an effective way to stabilize the mood, either through use of medication or lifestyle changes. There are four different medication classes used in treating bipolar disorder: mood stabilizers (usually lithium), antidepressants, antipsychotic medications and second-generation antipsychotics. The most effective treatment for Bipolar I is a combination of antidepressants and antipsychotics because they work on two different neurotransmitters that can be affected during different periods. For manic depression using only "happy pills" would seem like it should be enough but this may result in becoming too happy and not being able to sleep which will start having its own negative effects again anyways.

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Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff: Building Stronger Connections for Better Health

Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff: Building Stronger Connections for Better Health

Healthcare outcomes are shaped not only by medical treatments but also by trust, communication and community engagement. As healthcare systems in India move toward preventive and patient-centric models, initiatives that foster meaningful interaction between patients and healthcare professionals are gaining importance. One such initiative is the Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff.

A field day creates a shared space where patients and healthcare teams interact beyond clinical settings. These interactions humanise healthcare, improve understanding and encourage long-term wellness practices.

Why Community Engagement Matters in Healthcare

Modern healthcare recognises that health is influenced by behaviour, awareness and social support. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and NITI Aayog, community-based health engagement improves preventive care adoption and patient outcomes.

Field days help bridge the gap between healthcare providers and patients by:

  • encouraging open dialogue
     

  • reducing fear and hesitation
     

  • promoting shared responsibility for health
     

 

What Is a Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff?

A Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff is a structured wellness initiative organised outside the routine clinical environment. It focuses on interaction, education and preventive health activities.

Typical elements include:

  • basic health screenings
     

  • lifestyle education sessions
     

  • fitness or relaxation activities
     

  • informal conversations with healthcare staff
     

  • family and caregiver participation
     

The aim is to create a supportive and approachable healthcare experience.

 

Why Monthly Frequency Matters

Consistency is key in behaviour change and preventive health.

Monthly field days:

  • reinforce health messages regularly
     

  • build familiarity and trust
     

  • allow continuous follow-up
     

  • keep wellness top of mind
     

According to public health studies, repeated engagement significantly improves health literacy and adherence.

 

Benefits for Patients

1. Improved Health Awareness

Patients gain better understanding of:

  • chronic disease management
     

  • preventive screenings
     

  • nutrition and lifestyle habits
     

Education in informal settings improves retention.

 

2. Increased Comfort with Healthcare Teams

Regular interaction reduces anxiety and hesitation around seeking medical care.

Patients are more likely to:

  • ask questions
     

  • follow medical advice
     

  • attend follow-ups
     

 

3. Early Risk Identification

Field days often include basic screenings that help detect:

  • high blood pressure
     

  • elevated blood sugar
     

  • obesity risk
     

Early identification enables timely intervention.

 

4. Enhanced Emotional Wellbeing

Social interaction and community activities reduce feelings of isolation, especially among elderly or chronically ill patients.

 

Benefits for Healthcare Staff

1. Better Understanding of Patient Needs

Direct interaction outside clinical settings helps staff understand patient challenges more holistically.

 

2. Improved Communication Skills

Informal engagement strengthens empathy and communication effectiveness.

 

3. Reduced Burnout

Positive patient interaction and community appreciation contribute to staff morale and job satisfaction.

WHO recognises staff wellbeing as a critical factor in healthcare quality.

 

Role of Field Days in Preventive Healthcare

Preventive healthcare focuses on reducing disease burden before complications arise. Field days support prevention by:

  • promoting routine screenings
     

  • encouraging healthy lifestyle habits
     

  • addressing myths and misconceptions
     

  • reinforcing long-term care plans
     

NITI Aayog identifies community engagement as a cornerstone of preventive healthcare strategies.

 

Activities Commonly Included in Field Days

Health Screening Stations

Blood pressure, blood sugar, BMI and basic assessments.

Wellness Education

Short talks on nutrition, exercise, sleep and stress.

Interactive Sessions

Q&A discussions with doctors, nurses and health educators.

Physical Activities

Group walks, yoga sessions or light exercises.

Family Engagement

Including caregivers improves adherence and support systems.

 

Impact on Chronic Disease Management

For patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, regular engagement:

  • improves medication adherence
     

  • reinforces lifestyle modification
     

  • reduces emergency visits
     

Lancet studies highlight that community-based interventions improve chronic disease outcomes.

 

Building Trust Through Transparency

Field days foster trust by:

  • making healthcare providers approachable
     

  • encouraging open dialogue
     

  • demonstrating commitment to patient wellbeing
     

Trust improves treatment adherence and satisfaction.

 

Role of Data and Feedback

Feedback collected during field days helps healthcare organisations:

  • identify common concerns
     

  • refine wellness programs
     

  • personalise future interventions
     

Data-driven engagement enhances program effectiveness.

 

Long-Term Impact on Healthcare Outcomes

Organisations that invest in regular patient-staff engagement observe:

  • higher patient satisfaction
     

  • improved preventive screening rates
     

  • reduced disease complications
     

  • stronger community relationships
     

According to WHO, patient-centred care models improve health outcomes and system efficiency.

 

Why Field Days Are Especially Relevant in India

India’s diverse population faces challenges such as:

  • limited health literacy
     

  • delayed care-seeking
     

  • chronic disease burden
     

Community-based initiatives like field days address these challenges through education and trust-building.

 

Conclusion

A Monthly Field Day with Patients & Staff is more than a community event—it is a strategic preventive healthcare initiative. By fostering open communication, promoting health awareness and strengthening relationships, field days improve patient engagement and staff wellbeing alike. In a healthcare landscape increasingly focused on prevention and community trust, regular field days play a vital role in building healthier, more connected communities.

 

References

  • ICMR – Community Health and Preventive Care Reports

  • National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Health Awareness and Engagement Dat

  •  NITI Aayog – Community-Based Preventive Healthcare Strategies

  • WHO – Patient-Centred Care and Community Health Guidelines

  • Lancet – Community Engagement and Health Outcome Studies

  • Statista – Healthcare Engagement and Preventive Care Trends India

  • EY-FICCI – Healthcare Workforce and Patient Engagement Reports

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