Ask a doctor - Why does hematemesis occur in the coarctation of the aorta?

Q. Why does hematemesis occur in the coarctation of the aorta?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Hematemesis is a medical condition in which a person vomits up blood. It can be caused by many different factors, but one possible cause is coarctation of the aorta (CoA). CoA is when there's an abnormal narrowing of the section of the aorta that’s located between the heart and the legs. When this area becomes narrowed, it can impede all blood flow through it and lead to back pressure. This could then cause veins in other parts of your body to become swollen with too much blood; this may include vessels in your stomach or esophagus, leading to hematemesis.

Your risk for developing CoA increases if you have certain genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome or Noonan syndrome; however, environmental factors may also increase your risk. Symptoms associated with CoA include lightheadedness/dizziness and chest pain; some people might feel fatigue or palpitations as well. Hematemesis is not always present as symptoms vary depending on individual cases, but any suspected cases should be treated immediately because CoA can be life-threatening if left untreated for long periods of time due to its potential for serious complications like stroke, heart attack, and organ damage from lack of oxygenated blood supply caused by impeded circulation. Treatment usually involves surgery where part of the narrowed section of the aorta will be removed so that normal circulation can resume before any further complications arise—it’s important to get treatment fast if you suspect you might have CoA!