Q. What is the difference between vasectomy, tubectomy, castration and sterilization?

Vasectomy, tubectomy, castration and sterilization are all procedures that involve the surgery of reproductive organs.

Vasectomy is a minor procedure and involves cutting or sealing off the vas deferens, which transports sperm from the testes to the penis. This prevents sperm from reaching ejaculated semen, thereby preventing pregnancy. The procedure doesn't affect hormones, so intercourse will still feel the same and men don't experience any noticeable changes in their testosterone levels after getting a vasectomy. Also there is no need for general anesthesia and it can be done on an outpatient basis with localized anesthetic.

Tubal ligation is also known as female sterilization or "getting your tubes tied." It is a permanent form of birth control achieved by cutting or blocking a woman's fallopian tubes to prevent conception by stopping eggs from traveling down the fallopian tube towards fertilization in her uterus. It requires a surgical intervention under general anesthetic which may require hospital stay for 1-2 days depending upon patient condition before discharge happens with follow up checkup plan for 6 weeks post surgery period for assessing level of pain/discomfort & fertility issues if any post-surgery take place along with near perfect success rate (almost 99%).

Castration removes both testicles thus inhibiting male sexual desire while also eliminating testosterone production, though LH (another hormone produced in males) will still be present at quite low levels resulting in some remaining effects of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) but causing little other physiological effect). It’s only used as treatment option when it’s absolutely necessary such as cases related to prostate cancer or persistent sex offenders who fail to respond effectively toward medication therapies alone; hence making use of physical castration through removal of both testis very rare choice even among medical practitioners today due its lack comparative effectiveness & added attendant risks involved due associated complications accompany with surgery required for such kind procedures especially among elderly population where risk multiples multiple folds very quickly.

Sterilization refers to surgeries performed on individuals—usually women—with the ultimate goal being stopping them from conceiving children permanently via blocking Fallopian Tubes surgically / medically either physically or chemically however none of these invasive surgeries discussed here should be done without taking into account their potential costs much beyond physical i.e., psychological costs arising out clear dangers attached mentally & emotionally if they're not totally well informed about particular repercussions occur through these kinds specific operations along with consult opinion given by well qualified healthcare MDs / surgeons before deciding upon finishing any final decision taken individually & acceptably justifiably made within competent terms limits set forth mutually agreed etc., thereby ensuring full safety precautions appropriately followed within concerned parameters successfully accomplished accordingly throughout entire process altogether carefully meticulously addressed/resolved properly rightly followed likewise timely completed suitably processed respectively come what may eventually!