Ask a doctor - How is ascites diagnosed?

Q. How is ascites diagnosed?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Ascites is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. The diagnostic process may include:

1. Medical History: The doctor will inquire about the patient's medical history, including any known liver, heart, or kidney conditions, as well as any history of cancer or infections.

2. Physical Examination: The healthcare provider will conduct a physical examination, focusing on the abdomen to assess for signs of swelling, tenderness, or other abnormalities.

3. Imaging Studies:
- Ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging technique uses sound waves to create a visual image of the abdominal organs and can help identify the presence of fluid.
- CT Scan or MRI: These imaging studies provide detailed cross-sectional images and can help identify the cause of ascites and assess the severity.

4. Blood Tests:
- Liver Function Tests: These tests can assess the health and function of the liver.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test can detect abnormalities in blood cells that may indicate an underlying condition.
- Blood Chemistry: Measurement of electrolytes and other substances in the blood to assess overall health.

5. Paracentesis:
- In some cases, a procedure called paracentesis may be performed. This involves inserting a thin needle through the abdominal wall to withdraw a sample of ascitic fluid for analysis. This can help determine the cause of ascites and rule out infection.

6. Biopsy:
- If cancer is suspected, a biopsy may be recommended to obtain a tissue sample for further analysis.

7. Other Tests:
- Additional tests may be ordered based on the suspected underlying cause of ascites. For example, tests for infectious diseases, tumor markers, or autoimmune conditions may be conducted.

The combination of these diagnostic tools helps healthcare professionals identify the cause of ascites and determine the most appropriate treatment approach. Once diagnosed, the focus shifts to addressing the underlying condition and managing ascites symptoms. It's important for individuals experiencing symptoms of ascites to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.