Q. What is skin cancer, and what causes it?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the skin. It primarily develops when the DNA in skin cells is damaged, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a tumor. This abnormal cell growth can occur anywhere on the skin, including areas not typically exposed to the sun.
The leading cause of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, increasing the risk of mutations and the development of cancer. There are several risk factors and causes associated with skin cancer:
1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged or excessive exposure to the sun's UV rays, especially without protection, can increase the risk of skin cancer.
2. Tanning Beds: Artificial UV radiation from tanning beds is also a risk factor for skin cancer.
3. Fair Skin: People with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and light hair are at higher risk due to reduced melanin, which provides some natural protection against UV radiation.
4. History of Sunburns: Repeated sunburns, especially during childhood, can elevate the risk.
5. Family History: A family history of skin cancer can increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
6. Age: The risk of skin cancer increases with age.
7. Certain Moles: Atypical moles (dysplastic nevi) can be a risk factor, especially if they have irregular shapes, large sizes, or multiple colors.
8. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV or organ transplant recipients, are at higher risk.
9. Previous Skin Cancer: A history of skin cancer, even if successfully treated, increases the risk of developing more skin cancers.
There are several types of skin cancer, with the three most common types being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Early detection and regular skin examinations are crucial to the successful treatment of skin cancer. Protecting your skin from excessive sun exposure and UV radiation is one of the best ways to prevent skin cancer.
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