Ask a doctor - What complications can arise from ascites?

Q. What complications can arise from ascites?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Ascites can lead to several complications, especially if left untreated or if the underlying cause is not effectively managed. Some common complications associated with ascites include:

1. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP):
- Ascitic fluid can become infected, leading to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that requires prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics.

2. Hyponatremia:
- The removal of ascitic fluid, especially through aggressive diuretic therapy or paracentesis, can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including low sodium levels (hyponatremia). This imbalance can cause symptoms ranging from mild confusion to seizures and coma.

3. Hepatorenal Syndrome:
- In some cases, ascites can contribute to the development of hepatorenal syndrome, a condition where kidney function is impaired as a result of liver dysfunction.

4. Abdominal Wall Hernias:
- Chronic pressure from ascitic fluid can weaken the abdominal wall, leading to the development of hernias.

5. Respiratory Complications:
- Large amounts of ascitic fluid can exert pressure on the diaphragm, leading to difficulty breathing, especially when lying down. This can contribute to respiratory issues.

6. Malnutrition:
- Ascites can lead to a decrease in appetite and nutritional intake, contributing to malnutrition and weakness.

7. Increased Risk of Infection:
- Ascitic fluid provides a favorable environment for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection. In addition to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, ascites may contribute to other infections in the abdominal cavity.

8. Decreased Quality of Life:
- The physical discomfort and limitations associated with ascites can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting daily activities and overall well-being.

It's important for individuals with ascites to receive timely and appropriate medical care to address the underlying cause and prevent or manage these complications. Regular monitoring, adherence to medical advice, and prompt intervention are crucial components of effective ascites management.