Ask a doctor - How is melena diagnosed?

Q. How is melena diagnosed?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Diagnosing the underlying cause of melena typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Healthcare professionals use a step-by-step approach to determine the cause of melena, which may include the following:

1. Medical History: The healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history, including questions about the duration and frequency of melena, associated symptoms, medications, and any known medical conditions.

2. Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination may be conducted to look for signs of bleeding, anemia, or other related issues.

3. Laboratory Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): This blood test can identify anemia and provide information about the severity of the anemia.
- Coagulation Studies: These tests assess the blood's ability to clot and can help identify bleeding disorders.

4. Stool Analysis: Stool samples may be examined to confirm the presence of blood and to assess the extent of bleeding.

5. Endoscopy:
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure involves the insertion of a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) into the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine to directly visualize and assess the source of bleeding.
- Colonoscopy: In cases where the source of bleeding is not identified through upper endoscopy, a colonoscopy may be performed to examine the lower gastrointestinal tract.

6. Imaging Studies:
- Barium Swallow or Upper GI Series: These X-ray studies can help visualize the upper digestive tract and identify sources of bleeding.
- CT Scan: A computed tomography (CT) scan may be used to assess the extent of bleeding or identify any structural abnormalities.

7. Angiography: In some cases, angiography may be used to visualize blood vessels and pinpoint the location of bleeding.

8. Capsule Endoscopy: In situations where standard endoscopy does not reveal the source of bleeding, a patient may swallow a small, camera-containing capsule that takes pictures as it passes through the digestive tract.

The choice of diagnostic tests depends on the individual's clinical presentation and the suspected source of the bleeding. In cases of melena, it is crucial to identify and address the underlying cause of the bleeding to determine the appropriate treatment and management. Healthcare professionals will tailor their diagnostic approach based on the specific circumstances and the results of initial evaluations.

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Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Dealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:

1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.

2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.

3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.

4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.

5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.

6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.

7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.

Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.

Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.