Ask a doctor - How is jaundice diagnosed?

Q. How is jaundice diagnosed?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

The diagnosis of jaundice involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests to identify the underlying cause. Here are common methods used in the diagnosis of jaundice:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will inquire about the patient's medical history, symptoms, and any factors that might contribute to jaundice. A physical examination may reveal signs of liver disease, such as an enlarged liver or spleen.

2. Blood Tests: Blood tests are crucial for assessing liver function and determining the levels of bilirubin and other substances in the blood. Specific tests may include:
- Bilirubin levels: Elevated levels indicate jaundice.
- Liver function tests (LFTs): These include tests for enzymes, proteins, and other substances produced by the liver.
- Complete blood count (CBC): Helps assess the overall health of the blood and can identify conditions like anemia.

3. Imaging Studies:
- Ultrasound: An abdominal ultrasound can provide images of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, helping identify blockages or abnormalities.
- CT Scan or MRI: These imaging studies can offer more detailed views of the liver and surrounding structures.
- MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography): This specialized MRI focuses on the bile ducts.

4. Liver Biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of liver tissue may be obtained through a biopsy to assess the extent of damage or to diagnose specific liver conditions.

5. Endoscopy: If there is suspicion of a blockage in the bile ducts, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may be performed to visualize and potentially treat the issue.

6. Viral Hepatitis Tests: If infectious hepatitis is suspected, specific blood tests may be conducted to identify the type of hepatitis virus (such as hepatitis A, B, or C).

7. Autoimmune Markers: Blood tests may be done to check for autoimmune markers if autoimmune hepatitis is suspected.

8. Testing for Hemolytic Disorders: If excessive breakdown of red blood cells is suspected, additional tests may be conducted to identify hemolytic disorders.

The specific diagnostic approach will depend on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and the suspected underlying cause of jaundice. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for determining the most appropriate treatment and management plan. Individuals experiencing symptoms of jaundice should seek medical attention for a proper evaluation.