Ask a doctor - Define Parkinson's disease?

Q. Define Parkinson's disease?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects a person's movement. It is characterized by a gradual loss of dopamine-producing brain cells in a region of the brain called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating movement, and its deficiency leads to the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.

The main symptoms of Parkinson's disease include:

1. Tremors: Involuntary shaking or trembling of the hands, arms, legs, jaw, or face.
2. Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement, making tasks like walking, getting up from a chair, or performing fine motor skills difficult.
3. Muscle rigidity: Stiffness in the muscles, which can cause discomfort and limit range of motion.
4. Postural instability: Difficulty maintaining balance and an increased risk of falls.
5. Gait disturbances: Changes in the way a person walks, such as shuffling steps or reduced arm swing.

In addition to these primary motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease can also cause various non-motor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, cognitive changes, sleep disturbances, and autonomic dysfunction (problems with functions like blood pressure regulation and digestion).

The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, there are treatments available to help manage its symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by the condition. These treatments often include medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical interventions like deep brain stimulation.

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive condition, and its progression can vary from person to person. It typically occurs more frequently in older adults, but it can also affect younger individuals, a condition known as early-onset Parkinson's disease. Management and care for Parkinson's disease often involve a multidisciplinary approach, including healthcare providers specializing in neurology, physical therapy, and mental health, to address both the motor and non-motor aspects of the disease.