Q. What medical tests are used to detect lung cancer?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Several medical tests are used to detect and diagnose lung cancer. The choice of tests depends on various factors, including symptoms, risk factors, and the suspected type and stage of lung cancer. Common tests include:
Chest X-ray: A basic imaging test that can reveal abnormalities in the lungs, such as masses or nodules. While it might not be as sensitive for detecting early-stage lung cancer, it can still provide valuable information.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This detailed imaging test provides cross-sectional images of the chest, offering a more comprehensive view of the lungs and surrounding structures. It's effective for detecting smaller tumors and evaluating lymph nodes.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: A PET scan involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the body. This material accumulates in areas with higher metabolic activity, such as cancer cells. A PET scan can help identify active cancerous areas, particularly when combined with a CT scan (PET-CT).
Bronchoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end (bronchoscope) is inserted through the nose or mouth and into the airways. This allows the doctor to visually examine the airways and take tissue samples for biopsy.
Needle Biopsy: If a suspicious mass or nodule is detected, a needle biopsy might be performed. This involves using a thin needle to extract a small tissue sample for analysis.
Sputum Cytology: A sample of sputum (mucus from the respiratory tract) is examined under a microscope to detect cancer cells. This test is more useful for detecting certain types of lung cancer.
Thoracentesis: If there's a pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid around the lungs), a needle is used to drain the fluid for analysis. This can help determine the cause and detect cancer cells.
Biopsy: A surgical procedure to remove a larger tissue sample for detailed analysis. Biopsies can be done through various methods, including bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or open surgery.
Molecular Testing: Molecular tests analyze the genetic makeup of cancer cells to identify specific mutations or biomarkers. This information can guide targeted therapy options.
Lung Function Tests: These tests assess lung capacity and function. While not used to directly detect cancer, they provide important information about lung health and can aid in treatment planning.
Blood Tests: Blood tests can help evaluate overall health and might identify certain markers that could suggest the presence of lung cancer. However, blood tests alone are not typically used for diagnosis.
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