Q. What is exactly done in bypass surgery?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), is a procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to your heart muscle become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of plaque. This can restrict blood flow to the heart, leading to chest pain (angina), heart attack, or other complications.
During bypass surgery, the surgeon creates new pathways for blood to flow to the heart muscle by using healthy blood vessels from another part of your body. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of what happens during the procedure:
1. Preparation: Before the surgery begins, you'll be given anesthesia to make sure you're asleep and pain-free during the procedure. The surgical team will also place monitors on your body to keep track of your heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs.
2. Harvesting grafts: The surgeon will make an incision (cut) in your chest or leg to access healthy blood vessels that will be used as grafts. Commonly used blood vessels include the internal mammary artery from the chest wall and veins from the leg, such as the saphenous vein.
3. Creating bypasses: Once the grafts are harvested, the surgeon will then make an incision in the chest to access the heart. They will identify the blocked or narrowed coronary arteries and sew one end of each graft to the aorta (the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body). The other end of each graft is then attached to a point beyond the blockage in the coronary artery, creating a detour (bypass) around the blockage.
4. Testing bypasses: After creating the bypasses, the surgical team will check the blood flow through the newly created pathways to ensure they are functioning properly. This may involve temporarily stopping the heart and using a heart-lung machine to maintain blood circulation during the procedure.
5. Closing the incisions: Once the bypasses are in place and functioning well, the surgeon will close the incisions with stitches or staples and apply dressings to the surgical site.
6. Recovery: After the surgery, you'll be taken to a recovery area where medical staff will monitor your condition closely. You'll likely spend a few days in the hospital for observation and recovery before being discharged. During this time, you'll receive pain management medication, instructions on how to care for your incisions, and guidance on gradually resuming normal activities.
Overall, bypass surgery is a complex but highly effective procedure for treating severe coronary artery disease and improving blood flow to the heart muscle, reducing symptoms such as chest pain and lowering the risk of heart attack. It can greatly improve quality of life and increase life expectancy for many patients with advanced CAD.
Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Answered by Secondmedic ExpertDealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:
1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.
2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.
3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.
4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.
5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.
6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.
7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.
Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.
Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.
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