Ask a doctor - What causes jaundice?

Q. What causes jaundice?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the body. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin and excretes it in bile, which is then eliminated from the body through feces. When there is an issue with the normal processing or excretion of bilirubin, it can build up in the blood, leading to jaundice. Here are some common causes of jaundice:

1. Liver Diseases: Conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver infections can impair the liver's ability to process bilirubin.

2. Bile Duct Disorders: Blockage or obstruction of the bile ducts (which carry bile from the liver to the small intestine) can lead to the accumulation of bilirubin. Gallstones or tumors can cause such blockages.

3. Hemolytic Anemia: In conditions where red blood cells are broken down more rapidly than usual, such as hemolytic anemias, the increased breakdown can overwhelm the liver's capacity to process bilirubin.

4. Gilbert's Syndrome: This is a genetic disorder that affects the way the liver processes bilirubin, leading to occasional episodes of jaundice without an underlying health problem.

5. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the liver and contribute to jaundice.

6. Infections: Certain infections, especially those affecting the liver, can cause jaundice. Hepatitis viruses, for example, can lead to inflammation of the liver.

7. Medications: Some medications can cause jaundice as a side effect. This can occur due to drug-induced liver injury.

8. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver cells, such as autoimmune hepatitis, can lead to jaundice.

9. Hemorrhage: Internal bleeding can result in the accumulation of blood, leading to the breakdown of red blood cells and increased bilirubin levels.

It's crucial to identify and treat the underlying cause of jaundice to effectively manage the condition. If someone develops jaundice or shows symptoms associated with it, it's important to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.