Q. What are the potential complications of frequent heartburn?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Frequent and untreated heartburn, especially when it's related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can lead to several potential complications and health problems. It's important to address chronic heartburn to reduce the risk of these complications:

1. Esophagitis: Chronic exposure to stomach acid can lead to inflammation of the esophagus, a condition known as esophagitis. This can cause pain, difficulty swallowing, and may lead to more severe complications.

2. Strictures: Repeated episodes of esophagitis can result in the narrowing (stricture) of the esophagus. This can lead to difficulty swallowing and the need for interventions such as stretching or dilation of the esophagus.

3. Barrett's Esophagus: In some cases, chronic acid reflux can cause changes in the cells lining the lower esophagus. This condition, known as Barrett's esophagus, is a precancerous condition and increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

4. Respiratory Problems: Aspiration of stomach acid into the lungs can lead to respiratory issues, such as chronic cough, asthma, or recurrent pneumonia.

5. Dental Problems: Frequent exposure to stomach acid can contribute to dental erosion and oral health issues.

6. Chronic Cough: Heartburn can be a cause of a chronic cough, and treating the underlying reflux may help alleviate the cough.

7. Chest Pain: Severe and recurrent heartburn can sometimes be confused with heart-related chest pain, leading to unnecessary anxiety and medical evaluations.

8. Disrupted Sleep: Nighttime heartburn can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to sleep disturbances and fatigue.

9. Reduced Quality of Life: Frequent heartburn and GERD symptoms can negatively impact an individual's overall quality of life, including physical and emotional well-being.

10. Esophageal Cancer: In the most severe cases, longstanding GERD, particularly when associated with Barrett's esophagus, can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer. However, it's important to note that this is a relatively rare complication.

It's essential to recognize that not everyone with heartburn will experience these complications, and the severity of heartburn symptoms can vary greatly among individuals. If you experience chronic or severe heartburn, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and management to prevent potential complications and improve your overall health. In many cases, lifestyle changes and medications can effectively manage heartburn and reduce the risk of complications.