Q. How is leprosy actually transmitted?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is primarily transmitted through prolonged and close contact with an infected person who is not yet receiving treatment. The exact mode of transmission is not completely understood, but it is believed to occur through respiratory droplets containing the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Here's a more detailed explanation of how leprosy is transmitted:
Person-to-Person Transmission: Leprosy is primarily transmitted from person to person. When an infected individual with untreated leprosy sneezes, coughs, or talks, they can release respiratory droplets into the air. If a susceptible person inhales these contaminated droplets, they may become infected with the bacterium.
Prolonged Close Contact: Transmission typically occurs after prolonged and repeated close contact with an untreated leprosy patient. This close contact may include living in the same household, sharing eating utensils, or sleeping in the same room over an extended period.
Skin-to-Skin Contact: Another possible route of transmission is through direct contact with the skin lesions of an infected person. Leprosy primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, leading to the development of skin lesions and nodules. If a healthy individual has open wounds or cuts and comes into contact with the infected skin lesions or bodily fluids (such as saliva or nasal secretions) of a leprosy patient, there is a risk of transmission.
It is essential to note that leprosy is not highly contagious, and the majority of people who come into contact with the bacteria do not develop the disease. Most individuals have a natural immunity to the bacterium, and leprosy mainly affects those with weakened immune systems. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can effectively cure leprosy and prevent its further transmission.
To prevent the spread of leprosy, it is crucial to identify and treat cases promptly, promote awareness about the disease, and provide education on personal hygiene and sanitation practices. Public health efforts have played a significant role in reducing the prevalence of leprosy worldwide.