What causes leukemia?

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects blood-forming tissues in the body, such as the bone marrow and lymph nodes. It results from an uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. These abnormal white blood cells are called leukemia cells or leukemic blasts.

The exact cause of leukemia is not yet fully understood, but certain factors have been linked to its development: genetics and environmental exposures. Research suggests that some people may be born with genes that make them more at risk for developing leukemia than others. Factors commonly associated with increased risk include previous exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals such as benzene; certain inherited genetic disorders, such as Down Syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis; immunodeficiency disorders resulting in weakened immune systems; past medical treatments involving chemotherapy or radiotherapy; and prior infections from some viruses like human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1).

Research also indicates lifestyle changes could play a role in decreasing one's risk for developing leukemia, including avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol intake. Additionally, maintaining healthy diet containing plenty of fruits and vegetables along with regular exercise has been suggested to lower one's chances of being diagnosed with this disease due to its protective effects against inflammation which can weaken the immune system making it easier for cancerous cells to grow and spread throughout the body if left unchecked.