Q. Is there a genetic component to colon cancer, and should I consider genetic testing?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Yes, there is a genetic component to colon cancer. Some individuals inherit specific genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing colon cancer. These genetic mutations can be passed down through families and are associated with hereditary colon cancer syndromes. Here are two common hereditary colon cancer syndromes:

1. Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer or HNPCC): Lynch syndrome is caused by mutations in certain DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM). People with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, as well as other cancers, including endometrial, ovarian, and stomach cancers.

2. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): FAP is caused by mutations in the APC gene. It leads to the development of numerous precancerous polyps in the colon. If not detected and managed, these polyps can lead to the early onset of colon cancer.

If you have a family history of colon cancer, especially if multiple family members have had the disease, or if you have other risk factors, your healthcare provider may recommend genetic testing. Genetic testing can help identify whether you carry a mutation associated with a hereditary colon cancer syndrome. If a mutation is detected, you and your healthcare team can take steps to manage your risk more effectively. This may include more frequent and earlier screenings, surveillance, or preventive measures.

It's important to consider genetic testing if you have a strong family history of colon cancer or other cancers, especially if the cancers occurred at a young age or in multiple family members. Genetic testing can provide valuable information that may not only benefit you but also other family members at risk.

Genetic testing for hereditary colon cancer syndromes is typically performed through a blood sample or a saliva sample, and it is typically conducted by genetic counselors or healthcare providers with expertise in genetics. They can provide counseling on the implications of the test results and help you make informed decisions about your health and risk management.