Answered by SecondMedic Expert
General Physician · General Physician
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs but can target other parts of the body too. The culprit here is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's an airborne disease, meaning it spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Symptoms vary, but common ones include persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue. TB can be latent, where the bacteria are present but not causing symptoms, or active, where symptoms show up and the person can spread the infection.
Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays, TB skin tests, or blood tests. Treatment typically includes a combination of antibiotics over several months. It's crucial to complete the entire course to prevent drug resistance.
TB is contagious, but not everyone exposed will get sick. Factors like a weakened immune system increase the risk. Good news is, it's treatable, especially if caught early.
Prevention involves proper ventilation, covering the mouth when coughing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Vaccination (BCG) is also available in some countries, though its effectiveness varies.
Remember, if you suspect TB or show symptoms, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. Early detection and treatment make a huge difference.
