What is pyrosis or heartburn?

Pyrosis, commonly known as heartburn, is a burning sensation or discomfort in the chest that occurs when stomach acid rises into the esophagus. This sensation is often described as a burning feeling behind the breastbone, and it can sometimes extend up into the throat. Heartburn is a symptom of acid reflux, a condition where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach, relaxes abnormally or weakens. This relaxation allows stomach acid and sometimes partially digested food to flow back into the esophagus, which can irritate the lining of the esophagus and cause the characteristic burning sensation.

Common triggers for heartburn include certain foods, beverages, overeating, lying down after eating, being overweight, and various lifestyle factors. It is a common and usually temporary condition, but chronic or severe heartburn can lead to complications and may require medical treatment. Over-the-counter and prescription medications are available to help manage heartburn symptoms, and lifestyle modifications can also be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of heartburn episodes.