Q. What is the difference between colon cancer and rectal cancer?

Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.

Answered by Secondmedic Expert

Colon cancer and rectal cancer are related, as they both originate in the large intestine, but they occur in different parts of the intestine. Here are the key differences between colon cancer and rectal cancer:

1. Location:
- Colon Cancer: Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, begins in the colon, which is the larger portion of the large intestine. The colon is responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from digested food. Colon cancer can occur in various parts of the colon, and the specific location may impact the symptoms and treatment options.
- Rectal Cancer: Rectal cancer starts in the rectum, which is the last several inches of the large intestine, just before the anus. The rectum stores stool before it is expelled from the body.

2. Symptoms:
- While many of the symptoms of colon and rectal cancer are similar, rectal cancer may sometimes present with more specific symptoms related to the rectal area, such as changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, and the sensation of incomplete emptying after a bowel movement.

3. Diagnosis:
- The diagnostic process for both types of cancer often includes colonoscopy, which allows for the examination of the entire colon and rectum. This procedure helps identify polyps, tumors, or abnormalities.

4. Treatment:
- The treatment for colon and rectal cancer is generally similar, but the specific approach may vary based on the location and extent of the cancer. Surgery is a primary treatment for both types. For rectal cancer, the approach may involve more specialized procedures, such as low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection, which are designed to preserve anal function while removing the cancer. Radiation therapy is also more commonly used in rectal cancer to shrink tumors before surgery.

5. Staging:
- The staging system used to determine the extent of colon and rectal cancer is generally the same. However, the location of the cancer and the presence of lymph node involvement can influence the stage and treatment decisions.

It's important to remember that both colon and rectal cancer are often collectively referred to as colorectal cancer because of their close connection. Screening for both types typically involves colonoscopy, which examines the entire colon and rectum. Early detection through screenings and prompt treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of both colon and rectal cancer. If you have concerns about symptoms or risk factors, consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate evaluation and guidance.